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1.1.4.11 Alkene Polymerization

DOI: 10.1055/sos-SD-001-00002

Montgomery, J.Science of Synthesis, (2001157.

While not emphasized in this review, the oligomerization and polymerization of ethene forms the basis of some of the most significant industrial processes involving nickel catalysis (see also HoubenWeyl, Vol.E18, pp847863; E20/II, pp807813). The Shell Higher Order Process (SHOP), nicely described in a review by Keim, involves the oligomerization of ethene to produce α-alkenes (Scheme 81).[‌7‌] Nickel polymerization catalysts were first reported in the 1950s;[‌7‌] however, cationic nickel diimine complexes have been identified by Brookhart as highly efficient ethene polymerization catalysts (Scheme 82).[‌182‌‌185‌] The unique ligand class with highly hindered ortho-substituted aryl rings on the nitrogens of the diimine ligand results in rates of chain propagation which are much greater than chain transfer rates, thus allowing the formation of high-molecular-weight polymers.

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