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1.7.3.4.1 Cyclohexadienyl Complexes

DOI: 10.1055/sos-SD-001-00654

Stephenson (Product Subclasses 17), G. R.; Perseghini, M.; Togni (Product Subclass 8), A.Science of Synthesis, (20011787.

Quaternary centers in η4-ligands are made by the addition of stabilized enolates at C5 of η5-complexes (Scheme 37), employing a 2-methoxy directing group on the cyclohexadienyl ligand to deactivate C1.[‌176‌,‌392‌] Methyl,[‌392‌,‌393‌] ethyl,[‌393‌] alkyl,[‌393‌‌395‌] and phenyl[‌236‌,‌237‌] C5 substitution is acceptable at the site of nucleophile addition. This procedure is also used with bicyclic ligands to produce substituted 5,6-[‌292‌] and (in the case of 119) 6,6-fused[‌325‌,‌392‌] ring systems if dimethyl malonate is used as the source of the nucleophile. The reaction tolerates substituents in many positions in the metal-free ring, but if the steric blockade gets too severe, deprotonation prevents CC bond formation by nucleophile addition.[‌325‌] Nucleophiles derived from 2-methoxycarbonyl-substituted cyclopentanones[‌396‌] and tetralones[‌397‌] are used in terpene, steroid, and alkaloid synthesis (see Section 1.7.3.10.1). Sorrensen-type nucleophiles with amino-substituted malonate groups[‌398‌] and Schiff-base-stabilized nucleophiles[‌399‌] allow access to unnatural amino acids. It is not essential for efficient reaction to have two carbonyl groups to stabilize the negative charge in the nucleophile, and sulfonyl[‌400‌] and phosphoramide[‌401‌] groups are also suitable. A single nitromethane substituent is enough to provide sufficient stabilization of the negative charge to permit efficient addition.[‌402‌] While methoxy is the typical C2-directing group in this chemistry, bulkier substituents can give marginally better results in difficult cases.[‌393‌] The choice of alkali-metal counterion accompanying the nucleophile can also influence the regiochemistry.[‌393‌] Placing a triphenylphosphine ligand on the iron also helps promote nucleophile addition to form a quaternary center.[‌403‌] The ω-directing effect (see Sections 1.7.3.4.1 and 1.7.3.4.2) of the 2-methoxy substituent has been overcome by manipulation of the conformational preferences of the carbonylmetal moiety by the use of chelating ligands in which an alkyl(diphenyl)phosphine or phosphite substituent folds round to a dicarbonyliron group.[‌404‌]

Meeeee 88 Meeeeeee ee Meeeeeeee ee Meeeeeeeeeeeeeeη8-Meeee Meeeeeeee 888 ee Meeeeee, Meeeeee, eee Meeee Meee Meeeeeeee[‌888‌,‌888‌,‌888‌,‌888‌,‌888‌‌888‌]

Meeeeeeeeee 88

M8 M8 Meeeeeee Meeeeeee Me Meeee (%) Mee
Me M 88 MM(MM8Me)8 88 [‌888‌]
(MM8)8 888 MM(MM8Me)8 88 [‌888‌]
Me M 88 88 [‌888‌]
8-MeMM8M8 M 88 88 [‌888‌]
M M 88 88 [‌888‌]
Me M 88 88 [‌888‌]
Me M 88 88 [‌888‌]
Me M 88 88 [‌888‌]
M M 88 88 [‌888‌]

Mee eeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeee 88 eee eeeeeeeeeeee 888 (M8=M) ee e eeeeeeeee ee (±)-eeeeeeeeeee (Meeeee 88) eeeeeeeeeee eee eee ee eee 8-eeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee ee 88 ee e eeeeeeeee eeeee ee eeeeee eeee eeeeeeee eeee eeeeee ee M8. Mee eee ee e eeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eee eeee eeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeee ee eeeeee ee eeee eeeee ee eee eeeeeee, eeeee eee ee eeeeee eeeeeeeeee ee e eeeeee [eee Meeeeee ee Meeeeeeee, Mee.88 (Meeeeee)]. Meeeeeeeeee ee eeee eeeeeeeeeee[‌888‌] ee eee ee Meeeee eeeeeeee [eee Meeeeee ee Meeeeeeee, Mee.88 (Meeeeeeeeeeeeeee Meeeeeeee)] eee eeeeeee/eeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eee eeeee ee eeee ee eeeeee [eee Meeeeee ee Meeeeeeee, Mee.88 (Meeeeee)]. Me eeee eee, eee eeeeeeeee ee eee η8-eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeee eee eeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeee ee eeeeeeee 888 (M8=M). Mee eeeeee eeee eeeeeeeeeeee eee eee ee eee eeee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee 888 (M8=MeMe8Me) ee e eeeeeeeee ee (±)-eeeeeeeeeeee, ee eeeee eeeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeee ee eee eeeeeee ee eeeeeeeee e eeeeeee eeeee eee eee eeeeeee [eee Meeeeee ee Meeeeeeee, Mee.88 (Meeeeee)] eeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee ee eee η8-eeeee eeeeeee, eeeee eeeeee ee e eeeeee eeeee, eeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee.[‌888‌]

Meeeee 88 Meeeeeeeeee Meeeeeee ee eee Meeeeeeee ee (±)-Meeeeeeeeee eee (±)-Meeeeeeeeeee[‌888‌]

Mee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeee, eee e eeee eeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeee eee eeee ee eeeeeeeee ee eeee eeee. Meeee eeeeee eeeeee eee eeee ee eee eeeeeeeee ee e eeeeeeeeee eeeeee ee e eeeeeeeee ee ee eeeeeeee ee Meeeeeeee eeee eeeeee ee eeeeeee ee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee.[‌888‌] Meeeeee eeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeee[‌888‌,‌888‌,‌888‌] eee eeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeee (eeeeeeeeeeee,[‌888‌] eeeeeeeeeee[‌888‌]). Meeeeeeeeeeeee eeee eeeeee eee eeeeeee eee eeeeee eeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeee 88, eee, eeeeeee eee eeeeeeeee eeeeee eeeeeeeee, eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee e eeeeeeeeee eeeeeee {eee Meeeeee ee Meeeeeeee, Mee.88 [Meeee MeeeeeMeeeeeeeee Meeee: Meee Meeeeee; Meeeee Meeee eee M(MM)MM Meeeeeeee; Meeeeeeeee Meeee eee Meee Meeee; Meeeee, Meeeeeeeee, eee Meeeeeee; M(MM)MM Meeeeeeee]} eeeee, eee eeeeeee, ee eee eeeeeeeee ee e eee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeee eee e eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeee.[‌888‌,‌888‌]

Meee ee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee (ee ee 88, Meeeee 88), eee eeeeee ee e eee eeee ee e eeeeeeeee ee e (±)-M-eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee[‌888‌] eee e eeeeee eeeee eeeeeeeee ee (±)-eeeeeeeeee (eee Meeeeee 8.8.8.88.8).[‌888‌,‌888‌] Meeee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeee eeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeee, eeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee eeee, eee eeee ee eee eeeeeeee ee e eee-eeeeee eeee eeeee. Me eeeeeee eeeeeeeee eeee e eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee eeee.[‌888‌]

Meeeeee ee eeee e eeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eee eee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeee.[‌888‌] Meee eeeeee eeeeeee eee eeeeee, eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee {eee Meeeeee ee Meeeeeeee, Mee.8 [Meeeeeeee ee Meeee 88 (Me, Me, Me) eee Meeeeee Meeeeeeee]} ee e eeee eeeeeeeeeee,[‌888‌] eee eeee eeeee eeeeee ee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee[‌888‌,‌888‌] eee eeeeeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeee[‌888‌] eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee[‌888‌] eeeeeeeee. Meeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee,[‌888‌] eeeeeeeeee,[‌888‌,‌888‌,‌888‌] 8-eeeee eeeeee,[‌888‌,‌888‌] eee β-eee eeeeee[‌888‌,‌888‌] eeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeee. Meeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeeee eee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee.[‌888‌‌888‌] Meeeeeeeeeeeee eeee eeeeee,[‌888‌,‌888‌] eeeee eeeeee eeeeeee,[‌888‌,‌888‌] eee eeeeee-eeeeeeee eeeeeeee[‌888‌] eee eeee ee eeeee ee eeeeee eeeeeeee (eeeee eee eee eeeee ee ee eeeeeeeee), eee ee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee, eee eeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeee.[‌888‌] Mee(eeeeeeeeeeeeeee)-eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee ee η8-eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee.[‌888‌‌888‌] Meeeeeeeeee[‌888‌,‌888‌] eee -eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee[‌888‌] eee eeee eeeeeeeee.

Meeeeeee eee eeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeee (Meeeee 88), eeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeeeeee eeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee, eee eeee ee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee ee eeeee ee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeee eeeeeeee eeee e eeee eeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee, eeeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeee eeeeeee eeee eee eeeeeee eeeeeeeee. Meeeeeee eee eeeeeeee,[‌888‌] eeeeeeeeeeeeeee M,[‌888‌] eeeeeeeee,[‌888‌] eeeeeeeeeeeee,[‌888‌] eeeeeeeeee (eeee 888, M8=Me; M8=M),[‌888‌] eeeeeeeeeeee [eeee 888, M8=(MM8)8Me; M8=M],[‌888‌] eeeeeeeeeeeeee,[‌888‌] eeeeeeeeeeee M eee M,[‌888‌,‌888‌] eeeeeeeeeeeeeee [eeee 888, M8=(MM8)MM(MMe)Me; M8=MMe],[‌888‌] eee eeeeeeeeeeeeee M.[‌888‌] Mee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeee[‌888‌] eee eee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eee eeee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeee ee eeeeeee (eee Meeeeee 8.8.8.88.8), eee eeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeee ee eeeeee.[‌888‌,‌888‌] Me eeee eeeee, ee ee eee eeeeeeeee ee 888, eeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeee ee eee ee eeeeeeeeee ee eeeeee e eeeeeeee eeeeeee.[‌888‌]

Meeeee 88 Meeeeee Meeeeeeee ee Meeeeeeee Meeeeeeee[‌888‌,‌888‌,‌888‌,‌888‌]

Meeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeee ee eeee eeeeeeeee. Meeeee,[‌888‌,‌888‌] eeeeeeeeee,[‌888‌] eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee[‌888‌] eee eeeee eeeeeeeeeee,[‌888‌] eeeeeee,[‌888‌,‌888‌] eee eeeeeeeeee[‌888‌,‌888‌] eee eeee ee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeeee-eeeee eeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeee ee eeeeee-eeeeeeee eeeeeeeee. Meeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeeee[‌888‌,‌888‌] ee eeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeee eeeeeeee, eeeeeeeee e eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee.[‌888‌] Meeeeee eeeeee, eeeeeee, eeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee,[‌888‌] ee eeee e eeeeee eeeee eeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeee, e eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eee eeee-eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeee ee eeee.[‌888‌] Meeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee ee eeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee [eee Meeeeee ee Meeeeeeee, Mee.88 (Meeeeeee)] eeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeee ee eeeee eeeeeeeeeee. Me eee eeee ee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeee, eeeee eee eeee eeeeeeeeeee[‌888‌] eeeee eee eeeeee ee eeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee[‌888‌] ee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee, eee eeee ee eee eeeeeeee.[‌888‌] Meeeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeee/88-eeeee-8 ee eeee(eeeeeeeeeeeee)eeeeee (eeeeeeeeeeeeee)eeeeeeeeee eee ee eeee[‌888‌] ee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee e eeeeeeeeeee, eee eee eeeeeeee eee eeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeee. Mee 8-eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeee-eeeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeeee (eee 888; Meeeeee 8.8.8.8.8) eeeeee ee eeee ee eeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeee, eee ee eeeeeeeee eeee eee 8-eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeee (eee Meeeee 88; Meeeeee 8.8.8.8) ee eeeeeeeee eeee eeeeee eeeeeeeeeee.[‌888‌]

Meeeee eeeee eeeeee eee ee eeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee, eeeeeeee eee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeee eeeee Meeee'e eeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee.[‌888‌] Meeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee (eee Meeeeee ee Meeeeeeee, Mee.8 (Meeeeeeee ee Meeeee 88 eee 88, Me, Me, Me, Me, Me, Me)] eee eeeeeeeeee eeeee eeee, eee eeee eee 8-eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee 88 (Meeeee 88) eeeeeeee eeeeee ee 8-eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee-8-ee-8-eeee.[‌888‌] Meeeeeeeeeeeee Meeeeee-eeee eeeeeeeeeeee [eee Meeeeee ee Meeeeeeee, Mee.8 (Meeeeeeee ee Meeeee 88 eee 88, Me, Me, Me, Me, Me, Me)] eee eeee eeeeee.[‌888‌,‌888‌] Meeeeeeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeee[‌888‌] ee eeee eee, ee ee eeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee [eee Meeeeee ee Meeeeeeee, Mee.8 (Meeeeeeee ee Meeeee 88 eee 88, Me, Me, Me, Me, Me, Me)] eeeeeeeee eeeee eeee eeee eee eee eeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeeee (±)-eeeeeee.[‌888‌] Meeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee.[‌888‌]

Meeeeeee eeeee eee eeeeeeeeee eeee 8-eeeeeee-eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee,[‌888‌,‌888‌] eee ee eee 8-eeeeeee eeeeeeee, eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeee.[‌888‌,‌888‌] Me eeee eeeee eeee eeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee, eee eeee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee; eee eeeeeee, eeeeeee 888 (M=8.8Me) (Meeeee 88) ee eeee eeee eee 8-eeeeeee-eeeeeeeeeee eeee 88, ee e eeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeee.[‌888‌] Me eee eeee ee eee eeee 888 (Meeeee 88), eeeee ee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeee ee eee eeeee, eeeeeee eeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee eee eee ee e eeeeee-eeeee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee 888 (M=8.8MeMe) [eee Meeeeee ee Meeeeeeee, Mee.8 (Meeeeeeee ee Meeeee 88 eee 88, Me, Me, Me, Me, Me, Me)], eeeeeeee eeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee ee eeeeee(M) eeeeeee, ee eeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee eeee ee eeee eeeeeee 888.[‌888‌,‌888‌]

Meeeee 88 Mee ee ee Meeeeeeeeeeeee Meeeeeeeeee Me Meeeeeeee e Meeeeeeeeeeeee Meeeeeee Meee[‌888‌,‌888‌]

Meeeeeeeeee eeeeee eee eeee eeee eeeeeeeee eeeeee[‌888‌,‌888‌,‌888‌,‌888‌] ee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeee ee η8-eeeeeeeee (Meeeee 88), eee eee eeee ee M8 ee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeee M8-eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeee ee eee eeeee eeee ()-eeeeeeeeee[‌888‌] eee ()-eeeeee eeeeeeeee.[‌888‌] Me eee eeeee eeee, eeee-eeeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeee e eeee-eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeee ee eee eeeee eeeee, eeeee ee eee eeeeee, eeeeeeeee eeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeee. Meeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eee eeeee ee eee eee ee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee. Mee eeeeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeee eeeee ee eee eeeee ee eee eeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeee.

Meeeee 88 Meeeeeeeeeeeeee Meeeeeeeeee ee e Meeeeeeee η8-Meeeeeeeeeeeeee Meeeeee ee Meeeeeeeee[‌888‌]

M eeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeee eeee eeeeeeee eee MMM eeee eeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeee eeee eee eeeeeeee ee eee eeeeee-eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eeee eee 8-eeeeeee-eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee(eeeeeeeeeeeeeee)eeee eeeeeee 88 (eee Meeeee 88). Me eeee 88, e eeeeee-eeeee eeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee. Mee eeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeee eeee eee eeeeeeeeeee eeeee.[‌888‌] Meee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeee eeeeee(M) eeeeee eee eeeeee(M) eeeeeee eee eeeeeeee,[‌888‌] eee eeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee eee eeee eeee ee eeeeeeee. Meeeeeeeeeeeee eee, ee eeeeeee, eeeeeeee eee eee eeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee-eeeee eeeeeeeeeeeee, eee eee eee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeee eee eeee eeeeeeee. Meeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeee ee eeeee eeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee, eee eee ee eeee eeee eee eeeeeeeeee(eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee) eeeeeeeee, eeeeeeeee e eeeeeeee eeeeeeeee[‌888‌] eee eeeeeeee ee eee eeeee ee e eeeeeeeee ee (±)-eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee.[‌888‌]

Meee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee(eeeeeeeeeeeeeee)eeee eeeeeee ee eeeeeeee ee eeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee, eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eee ee eeeeeeee ee e eeeeeeeee eeeeeee eee eee eeeeeee ee e η8-eeeeee eeeeeee (Meeeee 88).[‌888‌,‌888‌,‌888‌,‌888‌] Meee eee eeeeee eeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeee, eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeee e eee eeeeee eeeeee.[‌888‌] β-Meeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee η8-eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeee eeee eeeeee-eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee, eeeee eee eeee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeeee ee eeee. Meeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeee.[‌888‌]

Meeeee 88 Meeeeeeee Meeeeeee ee Meeeeee-Meeeeeeeeee Meeeeeeeeeeeeee Meeeeeeee[‌888‌]

Meeeeeeeeeee ee eeeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee ee e eeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeee eee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeee (eee eeeeeeeeee ee Meeeee 8 ee Meeeeee 8.8, Meeeeee Meeeeeeeeeee) eee eee eeee eeeeeeee[‌888‌] ee e eeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeee eeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeee ee eee eeeee-eeeee eeeeeee ee eee π-eeeeee.

Meee ee eee eeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee ee eee eee ee eeeeeeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeee ee eeeee ee eeeee eeeeeeeee, eeee eee eeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eee eeee ee eee eeeeee ee eeee eeeeeee eee eeee eeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeee. Meee eeeee eeee eee eeeeee eee MM eeee-eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee, eeee eeee e eee eeeeeeeeee,[‌888‌,‌888‌] eee eeeeeee eeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeee eeeeee,[‌888‌] eeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee[‌888‌] eee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee[‌888‌] eeeee eee- eee eeee-eeeeeeee.

Meeeeeeeeeee Meeeeeeeee

Meeeeeeeeee[8-(eeeeeeeeeeeeee)eeeee eeeee{(8,8,8,8-η)-[8-eeeeeee-8-(8-eeeeeeeeeeeee)eeeeeeeee-8,8-eeee-8-ee]}eeeeeee]eeee(8) [888, M8=8-MeMM8M8; M8=M; Me=MM(MM)MM8(MM8)8MMM]; Meeeeee Meeeeeeee:[‌888‌]

M 88% eeeeeeeeee ee MeM ee eeeeeee eee (88.8ee, eeeeeeeee 8.88eeee) eee eeeeee eeee eeeeee (8eM) eee eeeeeee ee e eeeeeeeeee ee eee MMM (8eM) ee 8°M. M eeee ee 8-(eeeeeeeeeeeeee)eeeee eeeeeeeeeeee (88ee, 8.88eeee) ee eee MMM (8eM) eee eeee eeeee, eee eee eeeeeee eee eeeeeee ee 8°M eee 8eee ee eeee e eeeeeeeee eeee ee eee eeeeeee. Mee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeee 88 (888ee, 8.88eeee) eee eeee eeeee, eee eee eeeeeee eee eeeeeee eee e eeeeeee 88eee ee 8°M. Mee eeeeeee eee eeeeee eeee e eeeeeeeeee eeeeee eeeeeee eeee Me8M (88eM) eee eee. ee MeMMM8 (88eM), eee eee eeeeee eeee eeeeeeeee. Mee eeeeeee eeeee eee eeeeee (M8M eee eeeee), eeee eeeee (MeMM8), eeeeeeee, eee eee eeeeeee eee eeeeeee eeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeee eee eeeee eeeeeee. Meeeeeeeeeee ee eeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee (eeeeee eee, MeMMe/eeeeeeeee eeeee 88:88) eeeeeeee eee eeeeeee ee e 8:8 eeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeee; eeeee: 888ee (88%); MM (eeeeeeeeeee) νeee: 8888 (MM), 8888, 8888 (MeMM), 8888ee8 (M=M).

Meeeeeeeeee{8-[(8,8,8,8-η)-(8-eeeeeee-e-eeeeeeeeeeeeeee-8,8-eeee-8-ee)]-8-eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee}eeee(8) (888, M8=M):[‌888‌]

Meee e eeeeee ee eeeeeee eee, 8.8M MeMe ee Me8M (8.88eM, 8.8eeee) eee eeeee ee e eeeeeee eeee ee 8-eeeeee-8-(eeeeeeeeeeeeeee)eeeeeeeee-8-eee (8.88eM, 8.8eeee) ee MMM (8eM) eeeee eeeee ee ee. Mee eeeeeee eee eeeeeee eee 88eee, eeeeee ee 88°M eee Me8MeMe (8.8eM, 8.8eeee) eee eeeee ee eeeeeee. Meeee eee eeeeeee eee eeeeeee eee eeeeeee 88eee ee 88°M, eeeeeeeeeee(η8-8-eeeeeee-8-eeeeeeeeeeeeeee-8,8-eeeeee)eeee(MM) eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee (88; 8.88e, 8.8eeee) eeeeeeeee ee MeMM (88eM) eee eeeee eeeeeeee. Meeee 88eee, eee eeeeeee eee eeeeee eeeeee ee 88°M eeee 8e. Mee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeee eeee ee MMM (8:8) eee eeeeeeeee eeee Me8M. Mee eeeeeeee eeee eeeeee (8% ee MMe, eee. ee MeMMM8, eee eeeee), eeeee (MeMM8), eee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeeee e eeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee ee 888 ee e eeeeeee eeee/eeeee eee. Meeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee (eeeeee eee, MeMMe/eeeeeee 8:88) eeeeeeee eee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee ee 888 (eeeeee eeeeeee eeee) ee eeeeee eeeeeeee; eeeee: 8.8e (88%); eeeeeeeeeeeeee (Me8M/eeeeee); ee 8888°M; MM (MMMe8) νeee: 8888, 8888 (MeMM), 8888ee8 (M=M).

Meeeeeeeeee{8-[(8,8,8,8-η)-eeeeeeeee-8,8-eeee-8-ee]-8-eeeeeee-8,8-eeeeeeeeeeeeeee}eeee(8) (888, M8=Me; M8=M); Meeeeee Meeeeeeee:[‌888‌]

M eeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeee 88 (8.8e, 8.8eeee) ee eee MeMM (88eM) eee eeeee eeee e 88-eee eeeeee eeeee M8 ee e eeee ee eee eeeeeeeee 888 (M8=Me; M8=M) (8.8e, 88eeee) ee eee MeMM (88eM) ee eeeeee. Mee eeeeeee eee eeee eeeeeeee eee e eeeeeee 88eee. Mee eeeeeee eee eeeeeee eeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeee eee eee eeeeeee eee eeeee ee ee Me8M eee eeeeeeee eeeeeee Meeeee. Meeeeeeeeee eee eeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee (eeeeee eee, Me8M/eeeeeeeee eeeee 8:8) eeee eee eeeeeee ee eeee eeeeee eeeeeeee; eeeee: 8.88e (88%); ee 888°M; MM (MMe) νeee: 8888, 8888ee8 (MeMM).

Meeeeeeeeee{eeeee [8-{8-[(eeeeeeeeeeee)eeeeee]-8,8-eeeeeeeeeee-8-ee}-8-eeeeeee-(8,8,8,8-η)-eeeeeeeee-8,8-eeee-8-ee]eeeeeee}eeee(8) (888); Meeeeee Meeeeeeee:[‌888‌,‌888‌]

M eeee ee M,M-eeeeeee-8-eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee (8.8e, 8.8eeee) ee eee MMM (88eM) eee eeeeee ee 88°M eee e eeee ee MeMe ee eeeeeee (8.88eM, 8.88eeee) eee eeeee eeee e 8-eee eeeeee. Mee eeeeeee eeeeee eeee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeee eee eee eeeeeee eee 8e ee 88°M. MeMeMMe8 (888ee, 8.88eeee) eee eeeee ee eee eeeeeee eee eee eeeeeeeee eeeeeee eee eeeeee ee ee. 88°M eee eeeeeee ee eeee eeeeeeeeeee eee e eeeeeee 8eee. Mee eeeeeee eee eeee eeeeee ee 888°M eee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeee 888 (888ee, 8.88eeee) eee eeeee ee eee eeeeeee. Mee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeee eee 88eee ee 888°M. Meeee eeeeeee ee 8°M, eee eeee eee eeeeeee eee e eeeeeee 8eee, eeeeee eeeee eeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeee eee eeeeeeee. Mee eeeeeeeee eeeee eeee eee eeeeee eeee e eeeeeeeeee eeeeee eeeeeee eeee eee. ee MM8Me (88eM) eee MeMMe (88eM). Meeeeeeeee eeee MeMMe (8×888eM) eeee eee eeeee eeeeeee ee e eeeee eeeeee (8.88e). Meeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee (eeeeee eee, MeMMe/eeeeeee 8:8) eeeeeeee 888 ee e eeeeee eee; eeeee: 888ee (88%); MM (MMMe8) νeee: 8888 (MeMM), 8888ee8 (M=M).

()-Meeeeeeeeee{(8M,8M)-[eeeeee 8-(eeee-eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee)-(8,8,8,8-η)-eeeeeeeee-8,8-eeeee-8-eeeeeeeeeee]}eeee(8) (888); Meeeeee Meeeeeeee:[‌888‌]

eMe8MM (8.88eM, 8.8eeee) eee eeeee ee e eeeeeee eeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee ()-888 (8e, 8.8eeee) eee eeee-eeeee eeeeeeeee (8.88e, 8.8eeee) ee MM8Me8 (88eM) ee 8°M. Mee eeeee eeeeee eeee eee eeeeeee eee 8eee eee eeee eeeeeee eeee eeeeee (88eM). Meeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeee eeee ee eeee eeeee eeeee eee eeeeee eeeee eeeeee (8888°M, 8.8Meee) ee eeeeee eeeeee eeee-eeeee eeeeeeeee. Meeeeeeeeeeeee (eeeeee eee, MeMMe/eeeeee 88:88) eeee 888 ee e eeeeee eee; eeeee: 8.8e (88%). M eeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeee (eeeeee); ee 888888°M; [α]M 88 (e 8.8, MMMe8); MM (MMMe8) νeee: 8888, 8888 (MeMM), 8888ee8 (M=M).

References


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