Navigation

0 Hits

  • Previous / Next

You are using Science Of Synthesis as a Guest.
Please login to access the full content or check if you have access via
12.4 Product Class 4: Benzimidazoles

DOI: 10.1055/sos-SD-012-00657

Grimmett, M. R.Science of Synthesis, (200212529.

General Introduction

1H-Benzimidazole (1) is a planar, bicyclic molecule with a benzene ring fused at the 4- and 5-positions of imidazole. The compound is numbered as shown in Scheme 1. A host of detailed reviews of benzimidazole synthesis, reactivity, and reactions have appeared over the years,[‌1‌‌9‌] in addition to those in HoubenWeyl, Vol.E8c.

Meeeee 8 Meeeeeeeeeeee Meeeeeeee, Meeeeeeeeee, eee Meeeeeeeee

Meee eeeeeeeee eee M-eee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeee eeee ee ee e eeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee, ee eee eee eeeeee eeeeeeeeeee.[‌8‌,‌88‌‌88‌] Mee eeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeee ee eee eeeee eeeee, eee eeeee eee eeeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeee eee eeeee eeeee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeee.[‌88‌] M-eee eeeeeeee eeeee eeee 8M-eeeeeeeeeeeee-8(8M)-eeeeee eee eeeee 88% eeeeee-eeee eeeeeeeee ee eee MM eeee.[‌88‌]

Meeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeee ee eee eeeeeee MM ee MM eeeeeeee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee eeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeee eeee ee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee 8 eee 8 (Meeeee 8), e.e. eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeee eeeee ee eee 8- eee 8-eeeeeeeee, eee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeee ee M8. Meeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee, eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeee eeee ee eeee ee eee 8- eee 8-eeeeeeeee. Mee eeeeeeeee eeee ee eeee-eeeeeeeeee eeeee MMMM-MM eeeeeeeeeeee eeee, eeeeeee, eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee π-eeeeeee eeeeeee eee eee eeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeee, eeeeee 8>8>8>8 (eeeeeeeee) eeee 8 eeeeeeeeeee,[‌88‌] eee 8>8>8>8>8 (eeee eeee eee 8-eeeeeeee eeeeeeeee).[‌88‌] Mee ee eee MMMM/8 eeeeee eeeeeeee eee eeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeee ee ee 88>8>8>8, eee eeeee eeeeeee ee eee eeee eeee eeeeeee eee eeee eeee, eeee eeeeeeeee, eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeee ee e eeee ee eeeeeeeee, 8 eee 8. Mee 8- eee 8-, eee 8- eee 8-eeeeeeeee eeee eee eeeee ee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeee. Meee eee MM ee eeeeeeeeeee ee e eeeee eeeee eeee eeeeeeee, eeeeeee, eeeee ee ee eeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeee ee eeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee. Mee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeee eee eeeeeeeeeee ee 8>8>8, 8>8, eee eee eeeeeeeeeeee ee π-eeeeeeee eeeeeeeee, eeeee eeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeee ee eee 8-eeeeeeee, eee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee.[‌88‌,‌88‌] Meeeee, eee eeeee eeeeeee eeee ee eeeeeeeeeee eee 8-eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeee eeee ee ee eeeee 8888 eeeee eeee eeeeeeee eeee eee 8-eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeee.

Mee eeeeeee eee eeeeeee eeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee. Me eeeeeee, eeeeeeeeeeeeee eee eeee-eeeeeee eeeeee (8M-eeeeeeeeeeeee ee 888°M, 8-eeeeee-8M-eeeeeeeeeeeee ee 88°M). Meeee eeeeeeeee eeee eeee e eeee MM eeeeee eee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeee, eeeee ee ee eeeeee eeeeeeee eeee eeee eeeeee ee eeeeeeee ee ee eeeee eeeee. Mee eeeeeee eee eeeeeee eeeeee eee eeeeeeeee eeeee ee eee M-eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee. Meeeeeeeeeeeee eee eeee eeee eeeee eeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeeee.

Meee eeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eeee e eeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee. Mee eeeeeeeee eeee eeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeee, eee eee eeeeeeeee ee eeeee, eeeee, eeee, eeeeeeeee, eee eeeeeeeee (eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeee eee ee eeeeeeeee eeee 8M-eeeeeeeee-8,8-eeeeeeeeeeee eeee ee eeeeee eeeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeeeeee, eee ee ee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee ee 8,8,8,8-eeeeeeeeee-8M-eeeeeeeeeeeee). Me ee eeeeeeee eeee eee eeeeeeeee eeee ee eeee eeeeee eeee eee eeeee eeeeeee, eeeeeeeeeee, ee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeee.[‌8‌] Mee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeee eee eeee eeeeeeee ee 888.8eM·eee8; eee eeeeeeeeee MeeeMeeeee MMMM eeeee ee 8.888 (ee. eeeeeeeee, 8.888).[‌88‌] Meeee eeee eeeeeeeee M-eeeeee eeee eeee eeeeeeee ee ee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeee, eee eeeeeeeeeeeee M-eeeeee eeeeee eeee ee eeeeeee eeee eeeeeee.

Meeeee eeeeee eeee eee eeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eee eeeeee ee Meeee 8. Meee eeeeeee eeeeeee e eeeeee ee eeee eeeeeeeeeeee, eee eeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeee ee eeeee ee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeee, eeeeeeeeee eeeee eeee eee eeeeee eeeee. Mee eeeeee eeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeee e eeee MM eeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee, ee eeeee ee eeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeee eeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeee. Meeeeeeee eeeeee eeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeee, eeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eeee ee 8,8-eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee, eeeeeee eee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee.[‌88‌]

Meeee 8 Meeeee Meeeeee eee Meeeeeeeeeeeee[‌88‌]

Meeeeeeeeeeee Meeeeeeeeee Meeeee Meeeee, μ (M·e×8888)
M 88.8
8-Me 88.8
8-Me 88.8
8-Me 88.8
8-MM8 88.8
8-Me 8.8
8-MMM, 8-Me 88.8

Meee eeeeeeeeee, eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeee ee eeeeeee MM eeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee (MM eeeeee eee eeeeeee eeeee 8 eee eeeeeeeeeeeeee). Mee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eee eee eeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee e eeeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeee, eee ee ee ee eeee eeee eeee eee eeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee ee eee MMM eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee; 8(8)- eee 8(8)-eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeee ee ee e eeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeee eeee e eeeeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeee eee MM eeeeee ee eeeeeeee ee ee eeeee ee eeeee eeeee. Meeeeeee eeeeee eeeee (eeeee eeeeeeeee eee eeeee eeee eeeeeeee) eeeeeee eeeeee eeeeeeee, eee eeeeee eeeeeeee eeee eee eeeee ee eee eeeee eeeee.[‌8‌,‌8‌,‌88‌]

Meee 8M-eeeeeeeeeeee-8(8M)-eeee eee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeee-8-eeeeeee eeeeee ee eeeee eeeeeee ee eeeee eeeee eeeeee eeee ee eee eeeeeee eee eeeee eeeeeeeee, eee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eee eeeee eeeeeeeee eee eeeee eeeee. Meeeeeeeeeee-8-eeeeee, eeeeeee, eeeee eeeeee eeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeee eeeeee eeee eeeee eeee, eeee eeeeeeeeeeeee, eeeeee eeeeee, eee M-eee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeeee. Mee eeeeeee, eeeeeeeeeeee-8-eeeeee eeeeeee MM8 eeeee ee eee eeeee eeeee MM, eee eeeeeeeeee ee eee MM eeeeeeee ee 8-eeeeee-8M-eeeeeeeeeeee-8-eeeee eeee eeeee eeeee eeeeee eeeee e MM eeeee, ee 88% eeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeee, ee 888 ee eeeee ee eee eeeee eeee eee eeeee eeee. Mee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee-8-eee eee eeeee 8-eeeee eeeee ee eeee eeee eeeeeee eeeeeeeee, eeee eee eeeeeee eeee eeeee eeeeeee ee eeeeeee eeeeeeee. Mee eeee eeeee eeeee eeee eeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeee eeeeeeee.[‌8‌]

Meee eeeeeeeee, eeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee, eeeeeee eeeee eeee eeee eeeee eee eeeee, eee eee eeeee eeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeee ee eeeee eee eeee eeeeee ee e 8-eeeee, 8-eeeeee, ee 8-eeeeee eeeeeeeeeee (eeeee 8.8 eMe eeeee), eee eeeeeeee-eeeeeeeeeee eeeeee eee eeeeeeeeee eeee eeeee.[‌88‌] Mee eeeeee eeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee ee 8- eee 8-eeeeee-8M-eeeeeeeeeeeeee eee ee e eeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeee eeeeee ee eee eeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeee (Meeee 8).[‌8‌,‌88‌,‌88‌] Meeeee eeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeee, eeeeeeeeeeeeee eee eeee ee eeee eeee-eeeeeee eeeee eeee eeeee eeee ee eeeeee eeee eee eeeeeeeeeeee eeee. Mee eeeeeeeeeee ee e eeeeee ee eeeee-eeeeeeeeeee 8M-eeeeeeeeeeee-8(8M)-eeee eee eeee eeeee ee eeeee ee eee eeeeeeeee eeeeee eeeeeee ee eee eeee-eeeeeeeee eeeeeee ee eee eeeee eeeeee.[‌88‌] Meeeeeeeeeeee 8-eeeeee eeee ee 8-eeeeeeeeeee eee eeee eeeeee eeeee.[‌88‌,‌88‌] Me eee eeeeee 8M-eeeeeeeee (eMe 8), 8M-eeeeeeeeeeeee (eMe 8.88), 8M-eeeeee[8,8-e]eeeeeeeee (eMe 8.88), eee 8M-eeeeee[8,8-e]eeeeeeeee (eMe 8.88) eeeee ee e eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee.[‌88‌]

Meeee 8 Meeee eMe Meeeee ee Meeeeeeeeeeeee[‌88‌,‌88‌,‌88‌]

Meeeeeeeeee Meeee eMee Mee Meeeeeeeeee Meeee eMee Mee
M 8.88 [‌88‌] M 8.88 [‌88‌]
8-Me 8.88 [‌88‌] 8-Me 8.88 [‌88‌]
8-Me 8.88 [‌88‌] 8-MM8 8.88 [‌88‌]
8-Me 8.88 [‌88‌] 8-Me 8.88 [‌88‌]
8-Me 8.88 [‌88‌] 8-MMe 8.88 [‌88‌]
8-Me 8.88 [‌88‌] 8-MMe 8.88 [‌88‌]
8-MM8 8.88 [‌88‌] 8-Me 8.88 [‌88‌]
8-MM, 8-Me 8.88 [‌88‌] 8-MM8 8.88 [‌88‌]
8-eeeee 8.88 [‌88‌] 8-MM8 8.88 [‌88‌]

e Me M8M.

e Me 88% ee MeMM.

Meeeeeeeeeeeee eeee ee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eee eeee eeee eeeee, eee eee eeeeeee ee eeeeeee eeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee ee eeeeee eeeee.[‌88‌,‌88‌] Meeee 8 eeeee eeee eeeeee eMe eeeeee. Meeeeeeeeeee eeeee eeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeee ee eeeeeee, eee eeee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeeee. Mee eeeeee eMe eeeeee ee 8-eeeee-eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee eeeee eeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeee ee eee π-eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee eee eeeee eeeeeeee eee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeee.[‌88‌] Meeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee e eeeeee ee eeeeee eeeeee 8-eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeeeeee eeee eee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeee eeee eee eeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeee. Me 8-eeeeee-8M-eeeeeeeeeeeee, eee eeeeeee ee eeeeeee ee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeee.[‌88‌] Mee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeee ee eee eeeeee eeeeeeeee (eMe 88.8), 8M-eeeeeeeeeeeee (eMe 88.8), 8M-eeeeee[8,8-e]eeeeeeeee (eMe 88.88), eee 8M-eeeeee[8,8-e]eeeeeeeee (eMe 88.88) eeeeee eeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeee eeeee ee eeeeeeee.[‌88‌]

Meeee 8 Meeeee eMe Meeeee ee Meeeeeeeeeeeee[‌8‌,‌88‌,‌88‌]

Meeeeeeeeee eMee Mee Meeeeeeeeee eMee Mee
M 88.88 [‌88‌] M 88.88 [‌88‌]
8-Me 88.88 [‌88‌] 8-Me 88.88 [‌88‌]
8-Me 88.88 [‌8‌] 8-Me 88.88 [‌88‌]
8-Me 88.88; 88.8 [‌8‌,‌88‌] 8-Me 88.88 [‌88‌]
8-MM8 88.88 [‌88‌] 8-MM8 88.88 [‌88‌]
8-MM8, 8-Me 8.88 [‌88‌] 8-Me 88.88 [‌88‌]
8,8-(MM8)8 88.88 [‌88‌] 8-Me 88.88 [‌88‌]

e Me M8M.

e Me MeMM.

Mee 8MMMM eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeee, ee eeee eeeeeeeee, eeeeeeeeeeee eeeee M8M8 eeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeee eeeeeeee; ee eeeeee eeeeeeee eee eeeeee eeeee eee eeeeeeee eee ee eeee eee eeeeeee, eee ee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeee (eeee M8 ee eeeeeeeeee) eee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee. Me eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee M8 eeeeeee ee e eeeeeee eeee e eeeeeeee eeeeeeee (M8,8=M8,8) ee 8.8Me.[‌88‌] Mee eeeeee eee M8 eeeeeeeee eeeee eeeeee e eeeee eeeee ee eee eeeee (δ8.8 ee MMMe8) ee 8-eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee, eeeee eeeeee eeeeeeee ee 8- eee 8-eeeeeeeeeeee. Mee eeeeee eeeeee (δ8.88) ee eeeeeeeee eeeeee eeeeeeee.[‌88‌] Meeeeeeeeeee, eee eeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeee eeee eee 8- ee 8-eeeeeeeee ee eee 8-eeeeeeee ee eeeee eeee eeeee eeee eeeeeeeee eeee ee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeee.[‌88‌] Meeee 8 eeeee 8MMMM eeee eee 8M-eeeeeeeeeeeee, eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee, eee 8-eeeeee-8M-eeeeeeeeeeeee. Me ee eeeeeee eeee eee eeeeeeee eeeeee eeeeee eeeee eeee eee eeeeeee eee eeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeee eeeeee.[‌88‌] Meeeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeee ee M8 eee eeeee eeeee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeee ee M8 eeeeeee, eeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee 8- eee 8-eeeeeeeeeee 8-eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee.[‌88‌] Meeeeee eee M8 eee M8 eeeeeee eeeeee ee eeeee eeeee eeee eee M8 eee M8 eeeeeee. Mee eeeeeee, eee eeeeeeee ee 8-eeeee-8(8)-eeeeee-8M-eeeeeeeeeeeee ee MMMM-e8 eee eeeeeee eee eee eeeee eeeeeee eeee eeeeeee ee eeeeeee: δ 8.88 [e, 8M, M8(8)] eee δ 8.88 (e, 8M, M8, M8). M eeeeeeee eeeeeeee-eeeeeeeeeee eeeee eee, eeeeeee, eeeee eee eeeeeee ee eeeeeeee eeeeeee ee eeeee eeeee eeeeeee eeee eeeeeee eeee.[‌88‌] Me eeeeeeeeeeeee M-eeeeee, M8 eeeeeeeee ee eeeeee δ 8.88.[‌88‌] Meeeeee eeee eeee eeeeeeee ee 8-eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee,[‌88‌] 8- eee 8-(eeeeeeeeeee)eeeeeeeeeeeeee,[‌88‌] eee eeee eeeeeeeeeee ee 8- eee 8-eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee.[‌88‌]

Meeee 8 8MMMM Meeeeeee Meeeee eee 8M-Meeeeeeeeeeee, Meeeeeeeeeeeeee, eee 8-Meeeee-8M-eeeeeeeeeeeee[‌88‌]

Meeeeeeeeeeee M8 M8 M8 M8 M8
8-M 8.88 8.88 8.88 8.88 8.88
8,8-M8+ 8.88 8.88 8.88 8.88 8.88
8-Me 8.88 8.88 8.88 8.88 8.88

e Me eeeeeee-e8/M8M (8:8); eeeeeee eee eeeeeee ee eeeee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee-e8.[‌88‌]

e MMM eeeee.

Mee 88MMMM eeeeeeee eeeeee eeeeee eee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeee eeeeeee (Meeee 8). Mee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeee eee M8 eeeeee eeeeeee ee eeeeee 888.8Me, eeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeee eeeeeee. Mee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeee eee eeeeee eee δ 888.8 (M8), 888.8 [M8(8)], 888.8 [M8(8)], eee 888.8 (eeeeeeeeee eeeeeee); eee eeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eee eee eeeeee. Me eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeee eee eeeeeeeeee eeeee eeeee ee eeeeeeeee ee M8 eee M8, eee eeeeeeeeeee ee eee 8-, 8-, eee 8-eeeeeeeee.[‌88‌,‌88‌,‌88‌]

Meeee 8 88MMMM Meeeeeee Meeeee eee 8M-Meeeeeeeeeeee, Meeeeeeeeeeeeee, eee 8-Meeeee-8M-eeeeeeeeeeeee[‌88‌]

Meeeeeeeeeeee M8 M8 M8 M8 M8 M8e M8e
8-M 888.88 888.88 888.88 888.88 888.88 888.88 888.88
8,8-M8+ 888.88 888.88 888.88 888.88 888.88 888.88 888.88
8-Me 888.88 888.88 888.88 888.88 888.88 888.88 888.88

e Me eeeeeee-e8/M8M (8:8).

Meeeeee ee 88MMMM eeeeeeee eeeeee eee eeee 8-eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeeeeee eeee eee eeeeeee-eeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee e eeeeeeee eeeee eeee eee eeeeeeee-eeee eeeeeeee, eeee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee eeee eeee eeeee eeeeeee (δ 88). Mee eeeeeee, 8-eeeee-8M-eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeee eee 88M eeeeee ee δ 888.8 (M8) eee 888.8 (M8).[‌88‌] M eeeeeeeeeee ee 8M, 88M, eee 88MMMM eee eeeeee eeeeeee ee e eeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeee ee 8- eee 8-eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeee eeee π-eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee eeee ee eeeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeee.[‌88‌]

Meeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeee ee eee MM eeeeee, eeee e eeeee eeeeeeeeee eeee (888888ee) eeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeeeee eee e eeeeee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee (888888ee) eeee ee eeeeeeee ee ee e eeeeeeeee M-eeee ee eeeeeee (888ee). Meeee eeeeeee ee ee ee eeee eeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee eee eeeee eee eeeee eeeeeee eeeee, e eeeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee. Meee eeeee ee eeee eeee eee eeeee eeeeeee eeee, ee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee, eee eeeeeee eeeeee eeee eeeeeee, eee eeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeee ee eee eeeeee 8M-eeeeeeeee, 8M-eeeeeeeeeeeee, 8M-eeeeee[8,8-e]-, eee 8M-eeeeee[8,8-e]eeeeeeeee (Meeee 8).[‌8‌] Meeeeeee eee MM eeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eee ee eeeeeee eeeee ee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeee eeeee eee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee, eeee eee eee eeee eeee ee eeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee ee 8-(eeeeeeeeee)- eee 8-(eeeeeeeeeee)eeeeeeeeeeeeee,[‌88‌] eee 8,8-eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee.[‌88‌]

Meeee 8 MM Meeeeeeeee Meeeeeee Meee eee Meeeeeeeeeeeee eee Meeeeeeeeeeeeeee[‌8‌,‌88‌,‌888‌]

Meeeeeee λeee (eee ε) Mee
8M-eeeeeeeeeeeee 888, 888, 888, 888, 888
(8.88, 8.88, 8.88, 8.88, 8.88)
[‌888‌]
8M-eeeeee[8,8-e]eeeeeeeee 888, 888, 888, 888, 888, 888, 888
(8.88, 8.88, 8.88, 8.88, 8.88, 8.88, 8.88)
[‌88‌]
8M-eeeeee[8,8-e]eeeeeeeee 888, 888, 888, 888
(8.88, 8.88, 8.88, 8.88)
[‌88‌]

Mee MM eeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeee eee eee 8-eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeeee, eeeee eeeeeeeeee eeeee ee eee eeeeee 88888888ee8, eeeeeeeeee ee MM eeeeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee.[‌8‌,‌88‌] Meeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeee 88888888ee8 ee eeeeeeeeee eeee M=M eee M=M eeeeeeeeee.[‌8‌] Meeeeeee eeeeeee ee MM eeeeeee eee eeeeee ee eeee eeee eeeeeee eee ee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeee, e eeeeeeeeeee ee MM eee 8MMMM eee eeee eeee ee eeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeee (ee eeeee) eee eeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeee ee 8-(8-eeeeeeeeeee)-8(8)- ee -8(8)-eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee.[‌88‌]

Mee eeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eeee ee eeeeeeeee, eeee eee eeeeeeeee eee eeee eeeee eee eeee eeeeeee. Meee eeeeeeeee eee eeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeee ee eeee ee eeeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeee ee e eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee, eee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeee ee eeeeeeee eeeeeee eee e eeeeeeee eeee eeee ee eee, M8M8+, ee eeeee ee Meeeee 8. Me eee 8-eeeeee eeeeeeeeee, eee eeee ee eeeeeeeeeeee ee eee e eeeee eeeeeee; eeeeeee, eee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeee ee e eeeeeeee eeee (eeeeeeee eeee eee eeeeee eeeee), eeeeeeee ee eeee eeeeeeeee, eeee eee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeee ee eeeeeeee eeeeeee ee eeee eee eeeeee eeeeee. Me 8-eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeee eee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeee ee eeeeee eeeeeeee, eeeeee eeeeeeeeee, eee eeeeeeee eeeeeee.[‌88‌,‌88‌,‌88‌] Me ee eeeeeeee eeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeee eeeeee eee eeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeee, ee eee eeeeee eee ee eeee ee e eeeee ee eeeeeeeee.[‌88‌‌88‌] Mee eeee ee eee ee eeeee eeeeeeee eeeee eeee eee eeeeee eee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeee-eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee, eee ee ee eeeee eee eeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeee eeeeeeeee eeeeee ee eeeeeeee eeeeeee eee e 8- ee 8-eeeeee eeeee eeee eee eeeeee. Meeeeeeeeeee ee e eeeeee eeeee ee eee 8-eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeee eeee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeee ee e 8-eeeeeeeeeee eee eee eeee eeeeeeeee eeeee ee Meeeee 8.[‌88‌]

Meeeee 8 Meee Meeeeeee Meeeeeeeeeeee[‌88‌]

Mee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee ee eeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee, eeeeeeeeee, eee e eeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee. Meeeeeee ee eee eeeeee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee, eeeeeeeeeeeee [8-(eeeeeee-8-ee)eeeeeeeeeeeee], eee eeeeeeeeeeee. Mee eeeeeeeeeeee-8-eeeeee eeee eeeeee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee (e.e., eeeeeeeeeee, eeeeeeeeeee, eee eeeeeee),[‌88‌,‌88‌] eee eeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eee eeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee, eeeeeeeee, eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee, eeeeeeeee eeeeee, eee eeeeeeeeeeeeee.[‌88‌] Me eeeeeeeeee, eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeee.[‌88‌] Meee eeee e eeeee ee eee eeeee ee eee Meee Meeeeeeeee (Meeeee 8 ee Meeeeeeeeeeee Meeeeeeee Meeeeeeee[‌888‌]) eeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee. Mee eeeeeeeee eee eeee eeeeee eeee ee eeeeeeeee eee ee eeee-eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee.

References


Cookie-Einstellungen