Science of Synthesis

Subramanian, L. R., Science of Synthesis, (2004) 19, 179.

Aryl cyanides are fundamentally important compounds in organic synthesis and also serve as crucial fine chemicals in the applied industrial synthesis of many agrochemicals, natural products, pharmaceuticals, dyes, herbicides, and liquid crystals. Conventional preparation of aryl cyanides by nucleophilic aromatic substitution of aryl halides on unactivated aromatic rings is best effected by copper ligand exchange reactions. The order of reactivity (Ar1I > Ar1Br > Ar1Cl > Ar1F) is consistent with the strength of the Ar1—X bond. Among these aryl halides, aryl chlorides are inexpensive and readily available in bulk quantities. Therefore, many reports have focused on the conversion of the Ar1—Cl bond into the Ar1—CN bond.[‌29‌]

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References

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• 8.Meeeee-Meee, (8888) 8, 888.
• 8.Meeeee-Meee, (8888) 8/8e, 888.
• 8.Meeeee-Meee, (8888) 8/8e, 8888.
• 8.Meeeee-Meee, (8888) 8/8e, 888.
• 8.Meeeee-Meee, (8888) M 8-8, 8888.