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Vedantham, P.; Jiménez, M.; Hanson, P. R., Science of Synthesis, (2007) 20, 286.
The asymmetric hydrogenation of double bonds requires the use of a chiral catalyst that can distinguish between the two faces of the alkene. The most commonly used chiral catalysts are [(R)-2,2′-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1′-binaphthyl]ruthenium(II) complexes. However, rhodium(I) perchlorate complexes have also been used successfully for the asymmetric hydrogenation of α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids.
Mee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee eeeee[88,88] eeee [(M)-8,8′-eee(eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee)-8,8′-eeeeeeeeee]eeeeeeeee(MM) eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee[88] ee eeeeeeeee eee eeee eeeeeeeee.[88] Mee eeeeeee, eeeeee eeee (88) ee eeeeeeeeee ee eeee eeee 88 ee 88% ee [ee eeeeeeeeee ee MMMM eeeeeeee (Meeeee Meeeeeeee)] (Meeeee 88).
Meeeee 88 Meeeeeeeee Meeeeeeeeeeee Meeee [(M)-8,8′-Mee(eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee)-8,8′-eeeeeeeeee]eeeeeeeee(MM) Meeeeeeee[88]
Me eeeee ee eeeeeeeee eee eeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee, eee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeee eee eeeee e eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee ee M-eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee (MeMM). Mee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeeeee, ee ee eeeeeeee eeee eeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeeeee eeeeeeeeee ee eee α-eeeeeeee, eee eeee eee eeeeeee ee eee β-eeeeeeee eeee eeee eee eeeeeee. Me eee eeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee, ee eeee eee eeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eee β-eeeeeeee.
M eeeeeee(M) eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee 88 eee eeee eeeeeee eee eee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeee ee α,β-eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee eeeee.[88] Meee eeeeeeee ee eeee eee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee eeeee, eeee ee (8M)-8-eeeeeeeee-8-eeeeeeeeeeeee eeee (88), ee eeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eeeee (M)-88 eeeeeeeeeeeeee eee ee 88% eeeeeee eeeee (Meeeee 88).
Meeeee 88 Meeeeeeeeeeee ee ee Meeeeeeeeee Meeeeeeeee Meee Meeee Meeeeee(M) Meeeeeeeeee[88]
Meeeeeeeeeee Meeeeeeee
Meeeeeeeee Meeee, e.e. 88, ee Meeeeeeeeeeee eeee e [(M)-8,8′-Mee(eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee)-8,8′-eeeeeeeeee]eeeeeeeee(MM) Meeeeee; Meeeeee Meeeeeeee:[88]
Mee eeeeeeee eee eeeeeee eee ee ee eeeeeeeee eeeee ee eeeeeeeeee ee M8 ee M8, ee MeMM ee MeMM ee e eeeeeeeeeeeee ee 8.8–8.88 eM eeee eeeeeee ee Me(MMe)8[(M)-MMMMM] eee 8.88–8.88 M eeee eeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeee.
Meeee M-Meeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee (88); Meeeeee Meeeeeeee:[88]
Meeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeee 88 (8.8 e) eee eeeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeee (MMMMMMM: eeeeeeeeee)/MeMM (8:8, 8 eM) ee eee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee 88 (88.8 ee, 8.88 eeee) eee Me8M (8.88 eM), eeee e eeeeee ee 88 e ee ee eeeee ee eeeeeeeeee ee M8. Meeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee eeee eee eeeeeee eeee ee eee-eeeeeeee eeeee [Meeee 88 M (M+-eeee, 88 e)] eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee. Meeeeeeeeeeeee eeee eeeeee eeeeeeee, eee eeeeeee ee eee eeeeeee eeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeee 88 ee 888% eeeeeeeeee; eeeee: 8.88 e (88%).
References
[52] | Meee, M.; Meeeee, M.; Meeeeeee, M.; Meeee, M.; Meeeee, M., M. Mee. Meee., (8888) 88, 8888. |
[53] | Meeeee, M.; Meeeeee, M.; Meeee, M.; Meeeee, M.; Meeeeeeee, M.; Meeeee, M.; Meeeeeeeeee, M., M. Meee. Mee., Meeeee Meeee. 8, (8888), 8888. |
[54] | Meee, M.; Meeeee, M.; Meeeee, M., Meeee. Meee., (8888) 88, 888. |
[55] | Meee, M.; Meeeee, M.; Meeeee, M., Meeeeeeeeee Meee., (8888) 88, 8888. |
[56] | Meeeeeeee, M.; Meee, M.; Meeee, M.; Meeeeeee, M., Meee. Meee. Mee. Mee., (8888) 88, 888. |
Meeeeee Meeeeeeeeee
- 8.Meeeee-Meee, (8888) M 88-8, 888.
- 8.Meeeee-Meee, (8888) M 88-8, 888.
- 8.Meeeee-Meee, (8888) M 88e8, 888.
- 8.Meeeee-Meee, (8888) M 88e, 8888.
- 8.Meeeee-Meee, (8888) M 88e, 8888.