Science of Synthesis

Judd, W. R.; Katz, C. E.; Aubé, J., Science of Synthesis, (2005) 21, 175.

The Kindler modification of the Willgerodt reaction involves heating the ketone, e.g. ‌121‌, with approximately equimolar amounts of sulfur and dry amines, such as ammonia and primary or secondary amines, instead of with aqueous ammonium polysulfide (i.e., the reaction occurs under anhydrous conditions). A thioamide, e.g. ‌122‌, is formed in this variation, which has become known as the Willgerodt–Kindler reaction (‌Scheme 56‌).

‌Meeeee 88‌ Mee Meeeeeeeee–Meeeeee Meeeeeee[‌888‌,‌888‌]

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Meeeeeeeeeee Meeeeeeee

8-(8-Meeeeeee-8-eeeeeeeeeeeeee)eeeeeeeeee (‌888‌); Meeeeee Meeeeeeee:[‌888‌]

M eeeeeee ee eeeeee ‌888‌ (88.8 e, 888 eeee), M8, (88.8 e, 888 eeee), eee eeeeeeeeee (888 eM) eee eeeeeeee eee 8–8 e. M eeeee eeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee eee eeee ee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeee eeeeee. Mee eee eeeeeee eee eeeeee eeee MeMM (888 eM), eeeeee, eee eeeeeeee ee eeee e eeeee, eeeee eee eeeeee eeee eeee MeMM eee eeeee; eeeee: 888 e (88%); ee 888–888°M (MeMM).

References

Meeeeee Meeeeeeeeee

• 8.Meeeee-Meee, (8888) 8, 888.
• 8.Meeeee-Meee, (8888) 8/8e, 888.
• 8.Meeeee-Meee, (8888) M 8-8, 8888.