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Olpp, T., Science of Synthesis, (2007) 25, 423.
For the synthesis of 2-oxoaldehydes (glyoxals) several efficient methods have been developed, in the majority of cases based on oxidative reactions. Depending on the method and the substitution, glyoxals can be obtained either as a dioxo form 1, hydrated forms, such as hydrate 3, hemihydrate 2,[1,7] or bishydrate 4,[8] as enol forms 5, as oligomers,[8] or mixtures thereof (Scheme 1).
Meeeee 8 8-Meeeeeeeeeee (Meeeeeee) eee Meeeeeee Meeee[8,8,8]
Meeeeeee eeeeeeeeee eeee ee e eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee eee eee eeeeeee eee eeeee ee Meeee 8.
Meeee 8 Meeeeeeeee Meee ee e Meeeeee eee Mee Meeeeee[8]
| 8M MMM (δ) | MM ν̃eee (ee−8) | ee (°M) | ee (°M/Meee) | Mee | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
8.8 (e, MMM), (MMMe8, 88 MMe) | 8888 (MMe) | 88–88 | 888–888/8.88 | [8] |
| |
8.8 (e, M = 8 Me, MM), 8.8 (e, M = 8 Me, 8 MM), (MMMM-e8, 88 MMe) | 8888, 8888 (MMe) | 888 | – | [8] |
Meeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee 8 eeee ee eeeeeeeeee, eeee ee eeeeeeee ee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeee,[88] ee ee eeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeeeee eeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeee. Meeee eeeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee, eeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeee 8 ee eeeeeeeeeee, eee eeeeee eeeeee ee eeeeeeeee eeee eee eeeee ee eeeeeeee, eeeeeeeeeeee.[88] Mee eeeeeee eeee 8 ee eeeee eee eeeeeee ee eeeeeeee eee eee eeeee eeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeee. Meeeeeee 8 eee ee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeee eeeeeeeee. Meee eeeeeeeeeee ee 8 ee eeeeeeee, ee eee ee eeeeeeeee eeeeee ee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee 8 eeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee, eeee ee eeeeeeeee eeeeee, ee ee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeee.[8] Meee e eee eeeeeeee, eeee ee (eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee)eeeeeee, ee eee eeee eeeeeeee.[88] Meeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeee eeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeee eeee eee eeee eeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee ee eeeee eeee ee 8-eeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeee (e.e., eeeeeeeeeeeee[88]) ee ee eeeeeeeeeeee eeee e eeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeee eeeee eeeeeee ee eee eeeeeee (e.e., eeeeeeeeeeeee[8]).
Mee ee eeeee eeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee, eeeeeeee (ee eee eeeeeee ee eee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeee ee Meeeee 8)[8] eee eeeeeeeee eeee ee eeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeee. Mee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee, eeee ee eeeeeeeeeee,[88] eee eeeeee eeeeeeeee eeee eeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeee eeee eeeeeee-8,8-eeeeeee.[8,8,88]
Me eeee ee eeeee eeee eeeeeeee 8 eee eeeeeeeee ee eeeee eeeeeeeeee; ee eeee eeeeeeeee, ee eeeeeeeeeeeeee Meeeeeeeee-eeee eeeeeee eeeee[8,88–88] eeeeee, eeeee ee eeeeeee ee eee eeeeee–eeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeeeeeee eee eeeee ee α-eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeee 8 (Meeeee 8); eeeeeeeeeeeee, M—M eeee eeeeeeee eeeeee (Meeeee 8), eee eeee ee eeee eeeeee.[88]
Meeeee 8 Meeeeeeeeee ee 8-Meeeeeeeeeee ee Meeee Meeeeeeeee[8,88–88]
References
| [1] | Meeeeee, M. M.; Meeeeee, M. M.; Meeeeeeee, M. M.; Meeeeeeeee, M. M., M. Me. Meee. Mee., (8888) 88, 8888. |
| [3] | Meeeee, M.; Meeeeee, M.; Meeee, M., Meee. Meeee. (Meeeeeee, Mee.), (8888) 888, 888. |
| [7] | Meeee, M. M.; Meee, M.; Meeee, M. M., M. Me. Meee. Mee., (8888) 88, 8888. |
| [8] | Meeeeee, M.; MeMeeeee, M. M.; Meee, M.; Meeeeeeeeeeee, M., Mee. Meee., (8888) 8, 8888. |
| [9] | Meeeeeeee, M.; Meeeeee, M.; Meeeeeee, M.; Meee, M.; Mee Meeeeeee, M., Meee.-Mee., (8888) 888, 888. |
| [10] | Me Meeeeee, M. M. M.; eee eee Meee, M. M.; Meeeeeeeeee, M. M., M. Meeeeeeeee. Meee., (8888) 88, 888. |
| [11] | Meeee, M. M.; Meeeee, M. M.; Meeee, M. M., M. Meeeeeeeee. Meee., (8888) 88, 8888. |
| [12] | Meeee, M., Me Meeeee–Meee, (8888); Mee. 8/8, e 888. |
| [13] | Meeeeeee, M.; Meeō, M., Meee. Meeee. Meee., (8888) 88, 8888. |
| [14] | Meeeeeee, M. M.; Meeeeee, M.; Meeeeeeee, M., Meee. Meeeeeeeeee. Meeeee., (8888), 888; Meee. Meeeeeeeee. Meeee. (Meee. Meeeee.), (8888) 88, 888. |
| [15] | Meeee, M., Me Meeeee–Meee, (8888); Mee. 8/8, e 888. |
| [16] | Meeeeeee, M.; Möeeee, M.; Meeee, M.; Meeeeeee, M.; Meeeee Meeeee. Meeeeee., (8888) 88, 888. |
| [17] | Meeee, M. M. M.; Meeeeeee, M. M., M. Mee. Meee., (8888) 88, 8888. |
Meeeeee Meeeeeeeeee
- 8.Meeeee-Meee, (8888) M 8, 888.
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