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Cox, L. R., Science of Synthesis, (2008) 36, 110.
Sodium dithionite is an inexpensive reagent that reduces aldehydes to primary alkanols 61 under aqueous conditions (Table 20, entries 1, 2).[610,611] Aldehydes have also been reduced with hydrogen selenide under photolysis (entries 3, 4),[612] hydrogen telluride (entries 5, 6),[613] sodium sulfide,[614] sodium telluride (entry 7),[615] and the lithium enolate of acetaldehyde (generated in situ from the action of butyllithium on tetrahydrofuran).[616] Whilst the efficiency of some of these reactions is relatively high, these methods have only rarely been used in synthesis.
Meeee 88 Meeeeeeeeeeee Meeeeee eee Meeeeeee Meeeeeeee[888–888,888]
Meeee | M8 | Meeeeeee eee Meeeeeeeee | Meeee (%) | Mee |
---|---|---|---|---|
8 | (MM8)8Me | Me8M8M8, MeMMM8, M8M, eeeeee, 8 e | 88 | [888] |
8 | Me | Me8M8M8, MeMMM8, M8M/eeeeeee (8:8), eeeeee, 8 e | 88 | [888] |
8 | Me | M8Me, eν, MMM, 88°M, Meeee eeeeeeee eeeeee, 88 eee | 88 | [888] |
8 | Me | M8Me, eν, MMM, 88°M, Meeee eeeeeeee eeeeee, 88 e | 88 | [888] |
8 | Me | Me8Me8, M8M/MMM | eeeee | [888] |
8 | (MM8)8Me | Me8Me8, M8M/MMM | 88 | [888] |
8 | Me | Me8Me, MMM/eeeeeee, eeeeee, 88 eee | 88 | [888] |
Meeeeeeeeeee Meeeeeeee
Meeeee Meeeeee (88, M8 = Me; Meeee 88, Meeee 8); Meeeeee Meeeeeeee:[888]
Me8M8M8 (88.8 e, 88 eeee) eee eeeee ee e eeeeeee eeeeeee ee MeMMM (8.88 e, 88 eeee) eee MeMMM8 (88.8 e, 888 eeee) ee eeeeeee/M8M (8:8; 888 eM). Mee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeee eee 8 e, eeeeee eeeee eeee eeee Me8M8M8 eee eeeee (8 × 88.8 e, 888 eeee). Mee eeeeeee eee eeee eeeeee ee ee eee M8M eee eeeee eeeee eee eeee eeeeee eeeee. Mee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeeee eeee Me8M, eee eeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeee eeee eeeee (MeMM8), eee eeee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeee. Meeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeee eee ee eeeeeeeeeeee; eeeee: 8.88 e (88%).
References
[610] | Meeee, M.; Mee, M. M.; Meeeee, M.; Meeeeee, M. M., Meeee. Meeeee., (8888) 88, 8888. |
[611] | ee Meeee, M. M.; eee Meeeee, M. M.; Meeeeee, M. M., Meeeeeeee, (8888), 888. |
[612] | Meeee, M.; Meeee, M.; Meeee, M.; Meeeee, M., Meeee. Meee., (8888) 88, 8888; Meeee. Meee. Mee. Me. Meee., (8888) 88, 8888. |
[613] | Meeee, M.; Meeee, M.; Meeeee, M.; Meeee, M.; Meeeee, M., Meeee. Meee., (8888) 88, 8888; Meeee. Meee. Mee. Me. Meee., (8888) 88, 8888. |
[614] | Meeeeeee, M.; Meee, M.; Meeeee, M.; Meeeeeee, M., Meee. Meee., (8888), 888. |
[615] | Meeeee, M.; Meeeeeee, M., M. Mee. Meee., (8888) 88, 888. |
[616] | Me Meeee, M.; Meeeeeeee, M., Meeeeeeeeee, (8888) 88, 8888. |
Meeeeee Meeeeeeeeee
- 8.Meeeee-Meee, (8888) 8/8e, 888.
- 8.Meeeee-Meee, (8888) 8/8e, 888.
- 8.Meeeee-Meee, (8888) 8/8e, 888.
- 8.Meeeee-Meee, (8888) 8/8e, 888.
- 8.Meeeee-Meee, (8888) 8/8e, 888.