Science of Synthesis

Adolfsson, H., Science of Synthesis, (2008) 37, 256.

The use of rhenium-based systems for the epoxidation of alkenes has increased considerably since the 1990s.[‌104‌] A review published in 1989 stated that “the catalytic activity of rhenium in epoxidation reactions is low”.[‌2‌] The same year, a few patents were released describing the use of porphyrin complexes containing rhenium as catalysts for the production of epoxides. The first major breakthrough, however, came in 1991 when Herrmann introduced methyltrioxorhenium(VII) as a powerful catalyst for alkene epoxidation, using hydrogen peroxide as the terminal oxidant.[‌105‌] This organometallic rhenium compound, formed in tiny amounts in the reaction between tetramethyloxorhenium(VI) and air, was first detected by Beattie and Jones in 1979.[‌106‌]

M eeee eeeeeeee eeeeee eee eee eeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee(MMM) eee eeeeeeeeee ee Meeeeeee eee eeeeeeeee. Mee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeee(MMM) eeeee eeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee (MM8MM8MeM8), eeeee, eeee eeeeeee eeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeee(eeeeee)eeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee(MMM) ee eeee eeeee (88%).[‌888‌,‌888‌] Meee eeeeeeeee ee eeee eeeeeeeeee eeee eee eeeeeeeee ee eeeee eeeeeeeeeeeee(MMM) eeeeee, eeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee(MMM). Meeee, eeeee ee e eeeee eeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeee eeeeeeeee, eee eeee eee ee eeeeeeeeee ee eee ee eee eeee eeeeeeee eeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee.[‌888‌,‌888‌] Meee e eeeeeeeee eeeee ee eeee, eeeeee, eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee(MMM) ee eee ee e eee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeee eeee eeee eeee eeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeee ee e eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee. Mee eeee eeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee(MMM) ee eeeeeeeee eee eeeeeee eeee eeeeeee ee eeeee eeeee eeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee.

Meeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee(MMM) (MMM) eeeeeee eeeee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eee eeee [MMM—M] eee [MMM—M8] eeee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeeee Meeee eeeee.[‌888‌] Meeee eeeeee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeeee eeee- ee eee-eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eee eee [Me—M] eeeeee ee eeeeee eeeeee. Meeee eeee eeeee eeee eeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee, eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee(MMM)–Meeee eeee eeeeeee eee eeee eeee eeeeeeeee eeeeee eeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee(MMM) eeeeee. Mee eeeeeeee, eee eeeeeeee eeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee(MMM) eeeeeeeeee ee eeee eeeeeeeeeee. Me eeeeeeee, eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee(MMM) eeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeee eeeeeee eeeee, eeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeee, eee eeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee.[‌888‌,‌888‌] Meee, eeeee eeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeee, eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee(MMM) eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee ‌Meeeee 88‌.

‌Meeeee 88‌ Meeeeeeeeeeee ee Meeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee(MMM) eeeee Meeee Meeeeee Meeeeeeeee[‌888‌]

Mee eee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee, eeeeeee eee eeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee(MMM) ee eee eeeeeee ee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee (8–88%) eeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeee. Mee eeee-eeee ee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee 88888 eeeee eeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee(MMM) eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeee(MMM) eeeeeeee, eee 88 eeeee eeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeee(MM) eeeee.[‌888‌] Meee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee(MMM) eeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee, e eeeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeee eeeee (‌Meeeee 88‌).

‌Meeeee 88‌ Meeeeeeeee eeeeeee Meeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee(MMM) eee Mee Meeeee Meeeeeeeeee[‌888‌]

Meeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee(MMM) eeeeee eeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeee e eeeeeeeeee eeeeeee ‌88‌ eeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeeee e eee(eeeeee)eeeeeee eeeeeee ‌88‌. Mee eeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeee eeee eee eeeeeeeeee ee ee eeeeeee eeeeee eeeee ee eee eeeeeeee. Meee eeeeee eeeeeeeee ‌88‌ eee ‌88‌ eeee eeee eeeeeeee ee eeeee eeeeee eeeeeeeeee eeeee 8M eee 88M MMM eeeeeeeeeeee.[‌888‌] Meeeeeeeeee, eee eeeeeeeee ee eee eee(eeeeee) eeeeeee ‌88‌ eee eeee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee.[‌888‌] Me eeeeeeee, ‌88‌ ee eee eeee eeeeeeee eeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeee, eeeeeeeeee eeee eeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeee eeeeee eeeeee eeeeeee. Mee eeeeeeeeeeee ee e eeeee eeeeeeee ee ‌88‌ eee eeee eeeeeeeeeee ee MMM eeeeeeeeeeee, eeeeeee ee eeee eeeeeeeeeeee eee eeee eeeeeeee eee ‌88‌, eeeeeeeeee eeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeee eeeee ee eee eeee eeeeeeee ee eeee e eeeeee. Mee eeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeeee ee ‌88‌ eee eeeeee eeeeee, eee eeee eee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee eee eee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee (eeee eeeee). Meeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeee, eeeeeee, ee eee eeee eeeeeeeeeeee eeee eeee eeeeeeeee eee eeeeee ee eeeeee-eeeeeeee eeeeeee. Meeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee(MMM) eeeeeeee eeeee eeeee eeeeeeeeee ee eeeee eeeeeeeeee, eee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeeee. Mee eeeeeeeeeee ee eeeee eeeee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee(MMM) (‌Meeeee 88‌), eee eeee eeeeeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeee e eeeee eeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeee eeeeee.[‌888‌]

‌Meeeee 88‌ Meeeeeeeeeeee ee Meeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee(MMM) ee eee Meeeeeee ee Meeeeeee Meeeeeee eee Meee[‌888‌]

Me eeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee, eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee(MMM) eeeeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeee. Mee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeee eM, eeeeeeeeee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeee eee (MM8−), e eeee eeeeee eeeeeeeeeee, eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee(MMM). Mee eeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee(MMM) eeeeeeeee eeeee eeeee eeeeeeeeee ee eeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeee eeee eee eee ee eee-eeeeee eeeeeeeeee.

Mee eeeee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee(MMM) eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeee eeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeee ee ee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeee. Me eee eeeeeeee eeeeee ee eeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee(MMM), Meeeeeee eee eeeeeeeee eeeeee e eeeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeee-eeeee eeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeee.[‌888‌] Meee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee ee eeeeee eeee-eeeee eeeeeee eee eeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee, eeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeee. Meeee eeeeeeeeee, eeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeee-eeee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee. Me eee eeeeeee eeee eeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee(MMM), ee eeeeee eee eeeeee eeeeeeeee, eee eeeeee eee eeeee ee eeee eeeeeeee ee eeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeee (eeeee 8 °M). Meeeeee, eeeee eeeeeee ee Meeeeeee eeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee(MMM) ee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeee.[‌888‌] Meeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeee eeeeeee eeeee 8.8–8 eee% ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee(MMM) eee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee/eeee-eeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eeee eeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee, eee e eeeeeeeeeee eeeeee ee eeeee-8,8-eeee ee eeeee eeeeee eee eeee eeeeeee ee eee eeeeeee. Mee eeeeee eee eeeee “eeeeeeeee” eeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee, ee eeeeee, ee eeeeeee ee eeeee eee eeeeee eeee eeeeeeee; eeeeeee, eeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eeeee eeee eeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee(MMM), ee ee eeeeeeeeee ee eeee eeeee eeeeeeee eeeee-eeee eeeeeeeeee. Mee eeee-eeeeeee eeeeeee eee ee eeeeeeeee eeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee(MMM), eee ee eee eeeeeeeee eeeee Meeee eeeeeee, ee eeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeee. Me eeeeeeee eeee eeeeeee, Meeeeeee eeee ee eeeeee ee eeeeee (e.e., 8,8'-eeeeeeee-8,8'-eeeeeeeeee, eeeeeee, eee eeeeeeeeee) eeee eeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeee eee eeee eeeeeeee eee eeee-eeeeeee eeeeeee.[‌888‌] Meee eeeeeee ee eeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eee eee eeeeeee, ee eee eeeeeee ee eeeeeeeee, ee ee eeee eeeee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee, eeeeeeeee eeeeeeee. Me ee eeeeeee ee eeeeeeee eee eeeeeeee eeee eee eeeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeee eeeeeeeee eee eee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeee eeeee eeeeeeeee, Meee eeeeeeeeee eee eeee–eeeeeeee eeeeeeee (MMM) eeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeee eee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee(MMM)-eeeeeeeee eeeeee.[‌888‌] Meee eeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeee eeeeeee, eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeee ee eeeeee eeee-eeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeee eeeeee eeee eeeeeeeeeee eeee-eeeeeee eeeeeeeee.

Mee eeeeee eeeee eeeeeeeee eee eee eee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee(MMM) ee ee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeee ee 8888, eeee Meeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eee eee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee ee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeee.[‌888‌] Mee eeeeee ee eeeeeee eeee eeee-eeeee eeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee, eee eee eeeeeeeeeeee ee 88 eee% ee eeeeeeee, eeeeee eeee eee eee eeeeeeeee ee eeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeee. M eeeeeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeeeeee ee eeee eeeeeeee eee eee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee. Meee eeeeeeeee ee eee eeeee eeeeeee ee ee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee(MMM)-eeeee eeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeee ee eeeee eeeeeeeeee. Meeee eeeee eeeeeeeeee, eee eeeeeeeeeee eeee-eeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee. Meeeeeeee eee eeeee eeeeee, e eeeeeee ee eeeeee eeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeee eeee eeeee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeee eeeeee eee eeee eeee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee (‌Meeeee 88‌ eee ‌Meeee 8‌).

‌Meeeee 88‌ Meeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee(MMM) Meeeeeeee Meeeeeeeeee ee Meeeeee ee eee Meeeeeee ee Meeeeeee[‌888‌]

‌Meeeeeeeeee 88‌

M8	M8	M8	Meeeeeeeeee (%)	Meeeeeeeee (%)	Mee
(MM8)8		Me	88	>88	[‌888‌]
		M	88	>88	[‌888‌]
		M	88	>88	[‌888‌]

‌Meeee 8‌ Meeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee(MMM) Meeeeeeee Meeeeeeeeee ee Meeeeee Meeee Meeeeeee Meeeeeee[‌888‌,‌888‌,‌888‌,‌888‌,‌888‌]

Meeeeee	Me Meeeeeeee	Meeeeeeee	Meeeeeee-8-eeeeeeeeeeeee	Meeeeeeee	Mee
	88 (8)	88 (8)	–	–	[‌888‌,‌888‌]
	888 (8)e	88 (8)	–	88 (8.88)	[‌888‌,‌888‌,‌888‌]
	–	88 (88)	88 (8)e	88 (8)	[‌888‌,‌888‌]
	88 (88)	88 (8)	–	–	[‌888‌,‌888‌]
	–	88 (8)	88 (8.8)e	88 (8.8)	[‌888‌,‌888‌]
	–	88 (8)	88 (8)e	88 (8)	[‌888‌]
	88 (8)	88 (88)	88 (88)	–	[‌888‌,‌888‌,‌888‌]
	88 (88)	88 (88)	88 (88)	88 (88)	[‌888‌,‌888‌,‌888‌]

e Meeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeee eeeeee. Meeeee ee eeeeeeeeeee eee eee eeeeeeee eeee ee eeeee.

e Meeee M8M8 ee e-MeMM.

e 88% ee M8M8.

e Meeeeeee eee eeeeeeee-8-eeeeeeeeeeee (8 eee% ee eeee).

Mee eeeeeeeee eeee ee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeeee ee ee eeeeeeee eee eeee, ee e eeeeeee eeeeee, eeeeeeeee ee ee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee.[‌888‌] M eeeeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee eee eeee eeee eeeeeeee, eeeeeeee eee eeeeee ee eeeeeeee eeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeee ee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee. Meeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee(MMM) ee eeeeee eeeee eeeeee eeeeeeeeee eee ee eeee eM ee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeee eeeeee. Mee Meøeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee eeeee ee eeeeeeeee eeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeee eee, eeeee eeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeee eeeeeeeee eee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee. Meeee, eee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeee eeeee ee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eeee eee eeeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeee eeeeeeeee, ee eee eeeeeee ee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee. Meee eeeee eee ee ee e eeeee eeeeeee eee eeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee eeee ee eeeee-, eee-, eee M-eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeeee eeeee eeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeee ee e eeee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeee eeee eee eeee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeee. Meee eeeeeeee-eeee eeeeeeeeee eeee ee eee-8-eeee, eeeeeee, eeeee eeee eeeeee eeee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeee-eeeeeeee eeeeee, eee eeeeeee eeeeee eeeeeeee eeeee ee eeeee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee. Meeee eee eeeeeeee (88 eee%) eeeeeeeeee eeeeeee eee-8-eee eee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeeee, eeee eeeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeee.

M eeeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee eeeeeee eee eeee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eee eee eeee-eeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee-8-eeeeeeeeeeee (eMe eeeeeeee = 8.8; eeeeeeee-8-eeeeeeeeeeee = 8.8).[‌888‌] Meee eeeeeeeeeee eeeee eee ee ee eeeeeee eee e eeeeee ee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeee, eeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eee α-eeeeeeee ee eee eeeeee, ee ee eeeee eeeeeeeeee eeeeee eee eeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeee (‌Meeeee 88‌ eee ‌Meeee 8‌).

‌Meeeee 88‌ Meeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee(MMM) Meeeeeeee Meeeeeeeeee ee Meeeeee ee eee Meeeeeee ee Meeeeeee-8-eeeeeeeeeeee[‌888‌]

Meeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeeee ee eeee-eeeeee eeeeeeee eee, eeeeeee, eee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eeeee eeee eeeeeeeee. Meee eeeeeee ee eeeeee ee eeeee e eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee-8-eeeeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeee (8–8 eee% ee eeee eeeeeeee) ee eee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee. Mee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee-8-eeeeeeeeeeee ee eeee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeee ee M-eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee, e eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eeeee eeee eeeee eee eeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeee.[‌888‌] Me eeeee eeeeeeeee, eee eeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee(MMM) eeeeeeee eee ee eeeeeee ee 8.8–8.8 eee%, eeee eeee 8–8 eee% ee eeeeeeee-8-eeeeeeeeeeee eeeee. Meeee, eeee-eeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eee eeeeeeee eeeee e eeeeeee ee eeeeeeee-8-eeeeeeeeeeee eee eee eeeeee eeeeeeee. Me eeeeee ee eeeeeee eee eeee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee, eeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee-M-eeeeee.[‌888‌] Meee eeee, ee eeeeee, eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eee eeeeee ee eeeeeeee eeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeee. Me eeee eee eee ee e eeeeeeeeee eeee (e eeeeeee ee eeeeeeee eee, e.e., eeeeee eeee) eee ee eeee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeee eeee M-eeeeeeeee.[‌888‌,‌888‌] Meee eee ee eeeeeeeeee eee eeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee, eeeee M-eeeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeee eeee eeeeee eeeeeeeeeee. Mee Meeeeeee eeeee eeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeee ee eee Meeeeeeee eeeeee ee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee ee eeeeeeee.[‌888‌] Meeeeeee ee eeeeeeee, eeeeeeee ee e eeee-eeeee eeeeeeeeeee (eMe = 8.8) eee eeee eee eeeeeee M-eeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee(MMM)/eeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeee. Meeeeeeeeee, eeeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee eeeeee eee eee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeee eeee-eeeeeeeee eeeeeeee. Meeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeeee ee eeeeee, eeeeeeee ee eeeeeee eee eeee eeeeeeeee eee eee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeee, eeeeeeee eee eeeeeee eeee-eeeeee eeeeeeeee, eeeeeeee eeeee ee eee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeee (‌Meeee 8‌).[‌888‌]

Mee eee ee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee(MMM)-eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eee eeee eeeeeeeeeeee ee ee ee eeeee eeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee, ee eeee ee eee eee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee. Meeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeee, eee eeee ee eee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeee eee eeeeeee eeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeeeee, eeee-eeeeeeeee (Meøeeeee ee Meeee eeee) eeee-eeeeeee eeeeeeeee. Meee eee ee eeeeeeee ee eeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeee eeeee, eeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee eee Meeee eeeeeee ee eee eeeee. Meee, eee eeeee eeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeee eee eM ee eee eeeeeeee eeeee.

Meeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee ee eeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee(MMM) eeeeee, eeeee eee e eeeeee ee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee. Mee eeeeee eeeeeeeeeee ee eeee eee eeeeeeeee eeeee ee eeeee-eeeeeeee eeeeee. Meee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee(MMM) ee ee eeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee, ee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeee eeeeeeeee ‌88‌ eee ‌88‌ (‌Meeeee 88‌) eeeeee, eeeee ee eeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeee eeeeee eeeeee eeeee ee eee eeeeeeee. Me e eee-eeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeeee ee eeeee, eee eeeeee eeeee ee eeeee eeeeeee ee eee eeeeeee eeeee, eee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee ee eeee eeeeeee eeeeeee ee ee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eee eeeeee eeeeeeeee eeee eee eeeeeee eeeee. Mee eeeeeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeee eeeeeeee eeee eee eeeeeee eeeee eeeee eeee eeeee eee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeee eee eeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeee ee eeee eeeee (‌Meeeee 88‌). Meeeeeeeeeee, eee eeee ee eeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee(MMM) ee eeeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeee ‌88‌ eee ‌88‌ ee eeeeeeeeeee eeee eeeee eeeeeeeeeeee eee eeeee. Meee eee eeee eeeeeeeeee ee eee Meøeeeee eeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeee, eeeee eeeeeeeee eee eeeeee ee eeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeee. M eeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeee eee ee, eeeeeee, eeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee(MMM) eeeeeeee, eee eee eeeeeeeeeeee ee e Meeee eeee ee eee eeeee eeeee ee eeee e eeeeeeee eeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeeeeeee.

‌Meeeee 88‌ Mee-Meeee Meeeeeeeeeee ee Meeeeee[‌888‌]

Mee eeee eeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee(MMM) eeeeeeee ee eeeeee eee eeeeeee eeeee ee e eeeee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee eeeee eeee eeeee ee eeeeee eeee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee. Mee eeee eeeeeeee eeee eeeeeee, eeeeeee, ee eeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee. Meee ee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeee ee eeee, eeee ee eeeeeeeee eee eee eeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee ee eeeee-eeeee eeeeeeeeeeee. Meeeeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeeee eee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee(MMM) eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeee ee Meeeeee, eee eeeeeeee eee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee.[‌888‌] Mee eeeeee eeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeee eee e eeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeee eeee ee 8.8 eee%, eeee eee eeeeeeee eeeeee eeeeeeeeee (‌Meeee 8‌). Me eeeeee ee eeeeeee eee eeee eeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee 88% eeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee.

‌Meeee 8‌ Meeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee(MMM) Meeeeeeee Meeeeeeeeee ee Meeeeee eeee Meeeeeeee Meeeeeee Meeeeeee ee eeee Meeeeee Meeeeeee Meeeeeee ee Meeeeeee Meeeeeee[‌888‌,‌888‌,‌888‌,‌888‌,‌888‌,‌888‌]

Meeeee	Meeeeeeeeee	Meeeeeee Meee (e)	Meeee (%)	Mee
	8 eee% MeMeM8, MMM	88	88	[‌888‌]
	8 eee% MeMeM8, MMM, eeeee eeeeee	8	88	[‌888‌]
	8.8 eee% MeMeM8, 88 eee% eeeeeeee, 88% M8M8, MM8MM8MM	8.8	88	[‌888‌]
	8 eee% MeMeM8, 88 eee% eeeeeeee, MMM	8	88	[‌888‌]
	8 eee% MeMeM8, MMM, eeeee eeeeee	8	88	[‌888‌]
	8.8 eee% MeMeM8, 88 eee% eeeeeeee, 88% M8M8, MM8MM8MM	8	88	[‌888‌]
	8.8 eee% MeMeM8, 88 eee% eeeeeeee, 88% M8M8, (MM8)8MMMM	8	88	[‌888‌]
	8 eee% MeMeM8, MMM	88	88	[‌888‌]
	8 eee% MeMeM8, 88 eee% eeeeeeee, MMM	88	88	[‌888‌]
	8 eee% MeMeM8, MMM, eeeee eeeeee	8	88	[‌888‌]
	8.8 eee% MeMeM8, 88 eee% eeeeeeee, 88% M8M8, MM8MM8MM	8	88	[‌888‌]
	8 eee% MeMeM8, MMM	88	88e	[‌888‌]
	8 eee% MeMeM8, 88 eee% eeeeeeee, MMM	8	88	[‌888‌]
	8 eee% MeMeM8, 88 eee% eeeeeeee, MMM	88	88	[‌888‌]
	8.8 eee% Me8M8, MMMM	88	88	[‌888‌]
	8 eee% MeMeM8, MMM, eeeee eeeeee	88	88	[‌888‌]
	8.8 eee% MeMeM8, 88 eee% eeeeeeee, 88% M8M8, MM8MM8MM	88	88	[‌888‌]
	8.8 eee% MeMeM8, 88 eee% eeeeeeee, 88% M8M8, (MM8)8MMMM	88	88e	[‌888‌]

e Me eeeeeeeeee 88% ee eee eeee eee eeeeee.

e Meeee-8-eee eee eeee ee eee eeeeeeeee.

e MMM = eeee–eeeeeeee eeeeeeee; MMM = eeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee.

Méeeé eee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeee ee eeee eeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee 8,8,8,8,8,8-eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee-8-ee.[‌888‌] Meee eeeee eeee eee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eeee eeeeeeee eeeeeee, ee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee, eeeee eeeeee eee eee eee ee 88% eeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee. Meeeeeeeeeeee, eee eeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeee eee eee eeeeee ee eeeeeeee eeee eee ee eeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee eee eee eeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee. Meeeee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee eeeee 8.8 eee% ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee(MMM) eee 88 eee% eeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeee eeeeeee; eee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee, eeeeeee, eee eee ee eee eeeeeeee 8,8'-eeeeeeeeee eeeee eee ee ee eeeeeee eee eeee eeeeeeeeee (‌Meeeee 88‌). Mee eee ee eeeeeeee ee eee eeeeee eeee eeeeee ee ee eeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eee eee eeeeeeee, ee eeeeeeeee ee eee eeee ee eee eeeeee eeeee ee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee. Meee eeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee eeee eeeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee. Mee eeee eeee eeee eeeeeeeeee ee eeee-eeeeeee eee-8-eeee ee eeeeeeee eeeee 88 eeeee eeeee eeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee, eee eee eeeeeeeeeee eeee eee eeeeeeee ee eeeee eeeeee eeeee eeee eeeeee ee eeee, ee eeee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeee eeee eeee-eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee. Me eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeee eeee eeee eeee eeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee-8-ee, eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeee ee e eeeeeeeee. Me eeee eee, eeeee-8-eee ee eeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee ee eeee eeeee.

‌Meeeee 88‌ Meeeeeeeeee Meeeeeee ee 8,8,8,8,8,8-Meeeeeeeeeeeeeee-8-ee[‌888‌]

Mee eee ee eeeeeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeee eeeeeeee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee. Mee-Meee eee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee(MMM) eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeee 8-eeeee-8-eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ([eeee]MM8) ee eeeeeee eee eeee–eeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeee.[‌888‌,‌888‌] M eeeee eeeeeeeee ee eeee eeeeee ee eee eeee eeeeeeeeee ee eeee–eeeeeeee eeeeeeee, eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee(MMM), eee eee eeeeee eeeeeeeee, eeeeee eee eeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee. Meeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeee-eeee eeeeeeeeee, eeee eeeeeeeeeee eee eeee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeee eee eee eeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee. Meeeeeeee eeee–eeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeee eeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee eee eee eeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee-8-eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee ee eeee eeeeee ee eeee eeee-eeeeeeeee eeeeeee, eee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeee ee eeeeeeee. M eeeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeee–eeeeeeee eeeeeeee/eeeee-eeeeee eeeeee, ee eeeeeeee ee eeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee(MMM) eeeeeeeee, ee eee eeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeee (8 eee%) eeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeeee.

Mee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee(MMM)-eeeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeee eeeeee e eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeee eeeee eee eee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeee eeeeeeee. Meeeeeee ee eeeeeee eeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee(MMM) eeeeeeeee eee ee eeeeee eeee ee eee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eeee eeee eee eeee eeeeee eee eee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeeeeeeee. Me eee eeeeeeeeeee ee (M)-eeee-8-eeeeeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee(MMM) eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee, ee eee eeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee M,M-eeeeeeee-M-[(8M)-8-eeeeeeeeeee]eeeee, ee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeee ee 88% ee eee eeeeeee eee eeee eeeeeee.[‌888‌] Meeeeeee eeee eeeee eeeeeeeeee, eeee ee eeeeeeeeeeee eee eee-8-eee, eee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee (88% ee). Meeeeeeeeee, eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee(MMM) eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee ee 8-eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeee (8M)-eeeeeeeeeee-8-eeeeeeeeeee, (+)-8-eeeeeeeeee-8-eeeeeeeeeeeee, ee (M)-8-eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee ee eeeee eee eeeeeee ee eee eeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee (ee ee 88% ee).[‌888‌] M eeeeeeeeeee eeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeee ee eeeeee ee eeeee eeeeeeeee. Meee eeeeeeee, Meeeeeee eee eeeeeeee ee eee eee ee eeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee(MMM) eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee ee (M)-eeee-8-eeeeeeeeeee.[‌88‌,‌888‌] Meeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeee eeee eeee e eeeeeee ee 88% ee. Meeee eeeeeee eeee eeeeee ee eee eee ee eeeeee eeeee ee eeeeeee eee eee eeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeee eeeeeeeee [(M)-eeee-8-eeeeeeeeeee], eee eee eeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee 88% ee, eeeeeeee ee eeee eeeeeeeeee eeee eee eeeeeeee ee eeee eeeee ee 8% eeeeeeeeee. Meee, e eeeeeee eeeeeeee eee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eeeee eeeeeee. Meeee eeeee eeeeeeeee ee e eeeeeeeeeeee ee eeee e eeeeee eeeee ee eeeeeeeee, eeeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee(MMM) eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeee.

References

Meeeeee Meeeeeeeeee

• 8.Meeeee-Meee, (8888) 8/8e, 888.