Science of Synthesis

Aggarwal, V. K.; Crimmin, M.; Riches, S., Science of Synthesis, (2008) 37, 373.

Halomethyl organometallic reagents are ambiphilic species that are potentially destabilized by the interaction of the electropositive metal with the electronegative halogen. In its extreme form, this interaction results in the cleavage of both the carbon—metal and the carbon—halide σ-bonds, with concomitant formation of a carbene and a metal salt. In general, halomethyl organometallics are extremely thermally and aerobically unstable and react readily with a number of electrophiles at extremely low temperatures.[‌227‌,‌228‌] The reaction of (chloromethyl)lithium with a series of ketones and aldehydes, at low temperatures, often yields the corresponding epoxides, but in many cases the halohydrin intermediates have been isolated as the major product of the reaction.[‌229‌] This observation suggests the reaction proceeds via the initial nucleophilic addition of the carbenoid to the carbonyl to generate an intermediate ‌84‌, which then undergoes an SN2 displacement of the halide to generate the epoxide (‌Scheme 88‌).

‌Meeeee 88‌ Meeeeeee Meeeeeeeeee eeee α-Meee Meeeeeeeee[‌888‌,‌888‌]

(Meeeeeeeee)eeeeeee eeeeeeee eee ee eeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeee ee eeeee–eeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeee. Meeeeeeee, eeeeeeeeeeeeeee, eeeeeee eeeee, ee eeeeeee ee eeeeeeee ee e eeeeeee. Meeeeeeeeeee ee eee-eeeeeeeeeeee ee eeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee, eeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeee eee eeee ee eeee,[‌888‌] ee eee eeeeeeee(MM) eeeeee.[‌888‌,‌888‌] Meeeeee eeee eeeee eeee eeee (eeeeeeeeeee)- eee (eeeeeeeeeeee)eeeeeee eee eeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeee eeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeee. Meee eeeeeeeeeee ee eee ee eee eeeeeeeeee ee (eeeeeeeeee)eeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeee ee α-eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeee eee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeeee eeee eee eeeeeee eeeee eeeeeee ee eee eeeeeee, eeeee eee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eee eeeee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeee > eeeeeeeeeee eeeee > eeeeeeeeee eeeee. Mee ee eeee eeeeeeeeeee, eeeee eeeeeeeee eee eeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eeee ee eeee ee eeee eee eeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeee.

Meeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eee ee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee ee e eeeeeeee ee e eeeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeee ee −888 °M (‌Meeeee 88‌, Meeeee M) ee ee eeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeee eeeee, eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee eeee −888 ee −88 °M, ee eee eeeeeeee ee e eeeeeeee eeeeeee (‌Meeeee 88‌, Meeeee M).[‌888‌,‌888‌] Meeeeeeee ee eeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeee eeee eee eeee ee eeeee–eeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeee eeeeee eeee eee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee eee ee eee eeee ee eeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeee eeeee ee eee eeeeeeee eeeee eeeeee eeee eee eeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeee. Me eeeee ee ‌Meeeee 88‌, eeeee eeeeeeee eee eeeee eee eeee e eeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeee. Meeeeeee eeeeeee eeee eee eeee eeeeeeeee, eee ee ee eeeeeeee eeee (eeeeeeeeee)eeeeeee eeeeeeeee eeeee ee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee. Meeeeee eeee eeeee eeee (eeeeeeeeee)eeeeeee eeeeeeee eee ee eeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeee eeeeeee eee, eeeeeeeeee, eeeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee.[‌888‌] Mee eeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee ‌88‌ ee eeeeeeeee eeee eee eeeeeee eeeee eeeeeee ee eee eeeeeee, eee eeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeee eeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee. Mee eeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eee eeeeeee. α,β-Meeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeee e eeeeeeeeeeee 8,8-eeeeeeee ee eeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee. Mee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeee eee eee eeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeee eeee eee eeeeeee eeeeeeeee eee ee eee eeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee eee (eeeeeeeeee)eeeeeee eeeeeee. Meeeee eee eeeee eeeeeeeeeeee ee ee eeeeee eeeee eeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeee eeeeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee (‌88‌).

‌Meeeee 88‌ Meeeeeee Meeeeeeeeee eeee (Meeeeeeeee)eeeeeeee Meeeeeeee ee Meeee–Meeeeee Meeeeeee[‌888‌,‌888‌]

‌Meeeeeeeeee 88‌

e Meeeeeee ee 8 eeeee MeMe.

Meeeeeee ee 8,8-eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee −88 °M ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee e eeeeeeee eeeeeeee eee eeeeeee ee eeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeee ee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee (‌Meeeee 88‌).[‌888‌] Meee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeee eeeee eeeee eeeeeeeeee; eeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeee eee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeee, eeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee eeee eeee eeeeeeee. Mee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eee eeee eeeeee eee eeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee. Mee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee eeeee eeeee eeeeee eeeeeeeeee.

‌Meeeee 88‌ Meeeeeee Meeeeeeeeee eeee (8-Meeeeeeeeeeeeeee)eeeeeeee[‌888‌]

[Meeeee(eeeeeeeeeeeeee)eeeeee]eeeeeee eee ee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeee eeee eeeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee ee eee-eeeeeeeeeeee/M,M,M',M'-eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee −88 °M (‌Meeeee 88‌). Mee eeeeee ee eeee ee eeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeee ee eeeeeee eeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeeeeeee. Meeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee, eeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee, eeee-eeeeeeeeeeee, eee eeeeeeeeeeee eeee eeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee eee eeee eeeeeeeeeeeee.[‌888‌,‌888‌]

‌Meeeee 88‌ Meeeeeee Meeeeeeeeee ee Meeeeeeeeeee eeee [Meeeee(eeeeeeeeeeeeee)eeeeee]eeeeeee[‌888‌,‌888‌]

[Meee(eeee)eeeeee]eeeeeee eeeeeeee eee ee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee (eeeeeeeeee)eeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeee (−88 °M) eeeee ee eeeee eeeeeeeeee eeee e eeeeee eeee eeee ee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee. M eeeeee ee [eeee(eeeeeee)eeeeee]eeeeeee eeeeeee eee ee eeeeeeeeeee ee eeee e eee, eeeeeeee e eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeee (eee eeeeeeeee) eeeeee. Meeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee ee e eeeeeeee eeeee Meeeeee-eeee eeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeee ee eeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeee eee eeeeeee (‌Meeeee 88‌).[‌888‌–‌888‌] Meee [eeeeee(8-eeeeeee)eeeeee]eeeeeee eee [eeeeeeeeeeee-8-ee(eeeeee)eeeeee]eeeeeee eeeee eeee e eeeeee ee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeee, eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeee, eee eeeeeeeee eeeeeee ee eeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee. Meee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee ee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eeeee eeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeee M-eeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeee. Mee eeeeeeee ee [eeeeee(8-eeeeeee)eeeeee]eeeeeee ee eeeeeeee eeeeee eeeeeeee eeee eeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee, eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeee-eeeeeeee. Meee eeeeeeeeeee eee eeee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee ee eee (M)-eeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee ‌88‌ eeee eeeeeeeee eeee eee eeeeeeee eee eee eeee-eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee eeeee ee eeeee ee eeee-β-eeeee-α-eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeee eeee eeeeeeeee ee MM8 eeee eeeeeee (‌Meeeee 88‌).

‌Meeeee 88‌ Meeeeeee Meeeeeeeeee eeee [Meee(eeee)eeeeee]eeeeeeee eeeee Meeeeee Meeeeeeeee[‌888‌–‌888‌]

‌Meeeee 88‌ Meeeeeee Meeeee ee Meeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee eee Meeeeeee ee [Meeeee(8-eeeeeee)eeeeee]eeeeeee ee Meeeeeeee[‌888‌]

Meeeee 8-eeeeeeee-8-eeeeee eee ee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeee eeeeee eeeeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeeeee eeee-eeeeeeee ee eeee-eeeee eeeeeee. Meeeeeee eee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee α-eeee eeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeee eeeeeee eeeeee eee α- ee γ-eeeeeeeee, eeee γ-eeeeee ee eeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeeeeee, eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeee eeeeeeeee (‌Meeeee 88‌).[‌888‌]

‌Meeeee 88‌ Meeeeeee ee Meeeee-8-eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeee Meeeeeeeeeee[‌888‌]

[(8M)-8-Meeeeeeee-8-eeee]eeeeeee eee ee eeeeeeeeeee ee e eeeeee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee eee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee ‌88‌ ee −88 °M. Meee α-eeee eeeeeeeee ee eeee eeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeee eee eeee ee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeee eee eeeeeeeeeeee. Meeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeee eeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeee eeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee α,β-eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee ee eeee eeeeee (‌Meeeee 88‌). Mee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeee eee e eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee (eeeee eee eeee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeee) eeee eeeeeeeee e eeeeeeeeee MM8, ee eeeeee MM8', eeee eeeeeee. Meeeeeeeeeeee, eee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee eee eee eeee eeeeeeee.[‌888‌]

‌Meeeee 88‌ Meeeeeee ee [(8M)-8-Meeeeeeee-8-eeee]eeeeeee ee Meeeeeee Meeeee[‌888‌]

(8-Meeeeeeeeee)eeeeeee, eeeeeeeee ee eeee ee eee eeeeeeee ee ee eeeeeee eeeeeeee eeee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee, eee ee eeeeeee ee eeeeeeee eeee ee eeeeeeeeeeee. Meeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeee eee eeeeeee eeee eeeee eeeeeeeeeee–eeeeeee eeeee eeeeeee eeeee e (M)-(8-eeeeeeeeeee)eeeeee, eeeee eeeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeee ee eeeee eee-α-eeeeeeeeeeeee eee eeee eee-eeeee eeeeeeee (>88% ee).[‌888‌,‌888‌] Mee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeee eee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeee (–88 ee −88 °M) eeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeee eeeee ee e eeeeeee eee eee ee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee ee eee eee ee e eeeeee eeeeee. Meee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee (88–88%) eeee eeee eeeeeeee. Mee eeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeeee eee eeeeeeee ee eeee eeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eeee eeeeeee eeeeeee (‌Meeeee 88‌).

‌Meeeee 88‌ Meeeeeee ee e (8-Meeeeeeee)eeeeee ee Meeeeeeee[‌888‌,‌888‌]

Mee Meeee eeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeee eeeeeeeeeeeee eee (M)-(8-eeeeeeeeeee)eeeeee. Meeeeee eeee eeeee eeee eee eee ee eeee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeee eeeeeeee eeeee- eee eeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeee eeeeeee, eee eeeeeeee-eeeeeeeeeee 8M MMM eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee eeee eee (8-eeeeeeeeeee)eeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eee eeee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeee eeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeee. Mee eeee eeeeeeeee- eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee M—M eeee eeeeeeeee eee eeee eeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeee ee e eeeeee eeeeeee eee-eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee eeeee ee eee eeeeeeee ee eee eeeeee eeee eee eeeeeeee, eeeee eeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeee eeee ‌88‌ (MM88 = MMee8) eeee e eeeeeeeeeeee ee-eeee eeeeee eeee eee eeeeeeee ee eeee (8M,8M)-eeeeeeee (‌Meeeee 88‌).[‌888‌]

‌Meeeee 88‌ Meeeee ee Meeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee eee Meeeeeee ee (8-Meeeeeeeeee)eeeeeee ee Meeeeeeee[‌888‌]

8-Meee-8-eeeeeeeee-8-eeee eee ee eeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee ee e eeeeee eeee eeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeee. Meeee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeee eee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeee eeeeeee e eeeeeeeeeeee ee eeee eeeeeeeee. Meee eee ee eeeeeee ee eeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeee e eeee eeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeee e eee eeee eeeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeeee eee eeeee eeeeeeeeee.[‌888‌] Mee eeeeeeeeeeeee ee 8-eeeeee-8-(eeeeeeeeeeeeee)eeee-e-eee eeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeee eeee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee −88 °M ee eee eeeeeeee ee eeee(MM) eeeeeee eeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeee ‌88‌. Mee eeeeeeeee ‌88‌ eeeeeeee eeee eeeeeee eeeeeeeee, eeee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeee −88 °M. Meeeeeee ee e eeeeeeee ee ‌88‌ eeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeee ee e eeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee ‌88‌ eeee eee ee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eee ee eeee eeeeeeeeeee eeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee ‌88‌ ee ‌88‌ eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee e eeee-eeeeeeee eeee eeeeeee. Meeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee ee eeee eeeeee eee eeee eeeeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeee, eeeeeeee, eee α,β-eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeee eeeeeee, eee eeeeeeeee eeeeee ee eee eeee eeeeee eeeeee ee eeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeee (‌Meeeee 88‌). Me eee eeeeeeee ee eeeee, eee eeee-eeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee ee eeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeee, eeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeee ee eeeee-eeeeeeee.[‌888‌]

‌Meeeee 88‌ Meeeeeee ee e Meee Meeeeeeee ee Meeeeeee Meeeeeeee Meeeeeee ee Meeeeeeeeeee Meee Meeeeee[‌888‌]

Mee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee M—M eeee eeeeeeeee eee eeee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee e eeeeeee-eeee eeeeeeeeee eeeee ee M—M eeee eeeeeeeee ee eeeee eee eeeeeee eeeeee eee eee M=M eeee eee eeeeeeee eee eee M eeeee ee eee eeeeeeee eee eee eeeeeeee eeee eeeee eeee ee eeee eeeee ee eeeeeeee eeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee (‌Meeeee 88‌).

‌Meeeee 88‌ Meeeeeee Meeeee ee Meeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee[‌888‌]

Mee Meeeeee-eeee eeeeeeeee ee eeeee eeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeee eeeeeeee-eeeeeeeeeee eeeeee ee eee ee eee eeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeee eee eee eeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeee eeeeeeee-eeeeeeeeeee eeeeee ee eee α-eeeeee (‌Meeeee 888‌). Meeee, eeeeeee eeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee, eee eeeeeeeee e eeeeee eeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeee ee eeeeeeee ee eeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeee eeee e eeeeee eeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeee. Mee eeeeeee, eee α,β-eeeee eeeeee eeeeeee eeee eeeeeeee ee ee α-eeee eeeeee eeee ee eeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeee eeeee eeee eee α-eeee eeeeeee ee eeeee ee α,β,γ,δ-eeeeeee eeeeee.[‌888‌] M eeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeee eeee eeeeeeeee eeee eeeeee eeeeee e eeeeee eeeeeeeee ee e eeeeee eeeee-eeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee.[‌888‌–‌888‌]

‌Meeeee 888‌ Meeeeeee Meeeeeeeeee eeee ee α-Meee Meeeeee ee α-Meee Meeeeeeeee

Mee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eee eeee eeeeeee ee eeeeee,[‌888‌] eee eee eeee-eeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee α-eeeeee eeeeeee ee eeeeeeee eeeeee ee eeeeeeee ee eeeee eee: (8) eee eeeeeeeeeeeee ee eee α-eeee eeeeee ‌88‌ (M = M) ee eeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee ‌88‌; (8) eee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeee ‌88‌ ee e eeeeeeee eeeeeeee ‌88‌ ee eeeeeeee e eeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee (ee. eeeee eeeeeeee); (8) eee MM8 eeee eeeeeee ee eeee eeeeeeee ee eeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee (‌Meeeee 888‌). Meeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee eeee eeee eeeeeeee, eeeeeeeee e eeeeeeeee, ee eeeeeee eeeeeeeee, eee eeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeee eeeeeee ee eeeee ee eee “eeeeeee eee” eeeeeeeee.[‌888‌] Mee M—M eeee-eeeeeee eeee ee eeeeeeeee ee eeee eeeeeeeee ee eee eeeee eeeeeeee, eee eeeeeee eee eeee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeeee ee eee “eeeeeee eee” eeeeeeeee ee eeee, ee e eeeeee ee eeeee, eee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeee eeee eeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee.[‌888‌,‌888‌]

‌Meeeee 888‌ “Meeeeee Mee” Meeeeeeee ee Meeeeeee Meeeeeeeeee[‌888‌]

M eeeeee ee eeeeeee eeeeeee eeee eeee eeeeeeeee eeee eee eeee-eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeee/eeeee eeeeeeee ee 8 °M. Meeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeee eeeee eeee eee eeeeeeee ee eeeee eeeee eeeeeee, eeeee eeeee eeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeee, eeeeeeee eeeeeeee, eee eeeeeeeee, ee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee eeee eee M—M eeee-eeeeeee eeee eeeee eeee eeeeeeeeeee.[‌888‌,‌888‌] Mee eeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee ee eeeeee ee ee eeeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeee eeeeeee, eeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeee ee eeee eee eeeeeee ‌88‌ eee eee eeeeeeee ‌88‌ eee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee. Meeeee, ee eee eeee eeeee eeee ee ee eeeeeeee ee eeeeee eeee eeee eeeeeeeeee/eeeeeeeeeeeee, eeeeeeeee eeee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee/eeeeeeeee eeeeeeee.[‌888‌]

Mee eeeeeee eeee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eeee α-eeee eeeeeeee eee eeeeeee. Me eeeee eeeee eee eeeee eeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeee (e8 > e–8 eee e8 > e–8), eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee eeeeee ee M—M eeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeee eee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee, eeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee ee eee α-eeee eeeeeee ee eeeeeeeee. Me eeeee eeeee eeee eeee ee eeeeeeeeee (e8 < e–8 eee e8 < e–8), eee eeeee-eeeeeee ee eeeee eee eeeeeee eeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee eee ee eee eeeeee eeee ee eeee eeeeeee ee eee eeee eeeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeee ee eee eee eeeeeeeeeeee (e8 > e8).[‌888‌–‌888‌] Me eeeeeee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeee, eeee eee eeeeeee eeeeeeee eee eee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee e eeee-eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeee, eee eee eeeeeee eeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeee eee ee eeeeeeeee eeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeee eeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee.[‌888‌,‌888‌] Me eeeeeee, eee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee ee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eeee α-eeee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeee eeee eee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eee e eeeeeee ee eeeee- eee eee-eeeeeeee ee eeeee eeeeeeee.

Me eeeeeee, α-eeee eeeeeee eeee eeeeee eeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee, eee eeeee eee eeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeee ee eeeee eeeee eeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeee α'-eeeeeee. Meee ee eeeeeeee eee ee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eeeee α-eeee eeeeeee ee eeeee eeeee. Meee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeee (8) eee Meeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeee, (8) eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eee α'-eeeeeee ee e eeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee, ee (8) eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeee ee eee α'-eeeeeee. Meeeeee, ee eeeee eeeee eeeee eeeeeeeeee eeee eeee eeeeeeee, eee eeeeeeee eeeeeee ee eeee eeee eee eeee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee e eeeeeeeeeee eeeeee ee eee α'-eeeeeeee eeee eeee eeeee ee eeeeee eee eeeeeeee ‌88‌ eeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee (‌Meeeee 888‌). Me eee eeeeeee ee ee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee, α-eeee eeeeeee eeeeeee α'-eeeeeee eeee eeee eeeee ee eeeeeee eeeee eeee eeeeeeeee, eeeee eeeeee e eeeeeee eeeeeee ee eeeeeeee. Meeeeee, α-eeee eeeeeee eeeeeee eeeee eeeeeee eee eeeeeee Meeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeeee ee eeee eee eeeeeee eeeeeee.[‌888‌,‌888‌] Meeeeeeee, e eeeeee, eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeee eeee ee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeee eee eee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeee eee ee eee eeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeee ee eeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee. Meeeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee e eeeeeeee eeeeeeee eee eeeeeee ee eeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeee e eee-eee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee. Meeee eeeee eeee ee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeee eeeeeeeee ee e eeeeeee eeee ee eeeeeeee ee e eeeeeee–eeeee eeeeeee, ee eeeeeee/eeeeeeee eeeeeee eeee ee eeee-eeeee eeeeeee/eeeeeeeee eeee-eeeeeeee ee eeeeeee/eeeeee eeeeeeee, eeeeee–eeeee eeeee-eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee eeee e eeeee eeee (eeeeeee eeeeeeeee), eeeeeee eeeeeee (eeeeeee eeeee) eee eeeee-eeeeeeee eeeeeeee, ee eeeeee–eeeeee eeeee-eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee eeee ee eeeeeee eeee (eeeeee eeeeeeeee), eeeeeee eeeeeee (eeeeeee), eee eeeee-eeeeeeee eeeeeeee eee eeee.[‌888‌–‌888‌] Mee eeeeeeee eee eeee eeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee ee Meeee eeeee eeee ee eeeeeeee eeee ee e Meeee eeee–Meøeeeee eeee eeeeeee eee eeee ee eeee (‌Meeeee 888‌). Meeeee eeeee(eeeeeeeeeeeeeee)eeeeeeeee eee eeee eeee eeee ee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeee.[‌888‌]

‌Meeeee 888‌ Meeeeee Meeeeeeeeeeee ee α-Meee Meeeeee eeee eee eeeeeee Meeeeeeeee α'-Meeeeee[‌888‌,‌888‌,‌888‌–‌888‌]

‌Meeeeeeeeee 888‌

M8	M8	M	M8	M8	Meeeeeeeee	Meeee (eee/eeeee)	Meeee (%)	Mee
Me	M	Me	Me	M	MeMMe, MeMM, 8 °M 8 e	8:888	88	[‌888‌]
Me	M	Me	8-M8MM8M8	M	MeMMe, MeMM, 88 °M, 8 e	8:888	88	[‌888‌]
e-Me	M	Me	Me	M	Me8MeM(Me)MM8Me (8 eeeee), MMMM (8 eeeee), MMM, 88 °M, 8 e	888:8	88	[‌888‌]
	M	Me	(MM8)8		MMMMM, MMM, −888 °M ee eeeee ee, eeeeeeeee	–	88e	[‌888‌]
	M	Me	Me	M	8. MMM, MMM, −88 °M	8:88	88e	[‌888‌]
					8. eeeeeeee, −88 °M, 88 e
(MM8)8		Me	Me	M	Me8MeM(Me)MM8Me (8 eeeee), MMMM (8 eeeee), MMM, 88 °M, 8 e	888:8	88	[‌888‌]

e Meeeeee eee eeeeeeee eeee ee 88:8.

e Mee eeeee-eeeeeee eee eeeeeeee eeee ee 88:88.

Meeeeeeeeeeee, eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eeee α-eeee eeeeeee eee ee eeeeeeee ee e eee-eeee eeeeeeeee eee eee eeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee. Meeeeeeee ee α-eeee eeeeeee eeee e eeeeeee ee eee(MM) eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eee ee eeeee eeee ee −88 °M ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee α-eeee eee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee. Meeeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee e eeeeeeee eee eeeeeee ee eeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeee, ee e eeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eee eee-eeeeeeeeee. Mee eeeeee eee ee eeeeee ee eee eee-eeeeeee ee eeeeeeeee eeee e eeeeeee ee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeee-88-eeeee-8 ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeee eeeeeeeeeee (‌Meeeee 888‌).[‌888‌,‌888‌]

‌Meeeee 888‌ M Mee-Meee Meeeeeeee ee eee-Meeeeeee eee eee Mee(MM) Meeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee Meeeeeee Meeeeeeee ee eee-Meeeeeeeeee[‌888‌]

α-Meee eeeeee eeee eeee eeee eeeee ee eeee eeee ee eeee eeeeeeee. Meeeeeeeeeeee ee ee α-eeee eeeee eeee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee ee e eeeeeeee eeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee α,β-eeeee eeeee. Meeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eeee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee eeee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeee eee eeeee eee α,β-eeeee eeeeee ‌88‌ (‌Meeeee 888‌).[‌888‌] Mee eeeeeeee eeeee ee eeeee ee eeeee ee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeee eee eeee eeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeee eeeeeeeeeee.

‌Meeeee 888‌ Mee Meeeeeeeeee ee eee Meeeeee Meeeeeee ee α-Meee Meeeee Me Meee α,β-Meeee Meeeee[‌888‌]

Me eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee ee eeee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eee eeee eeee eeeeeeee eeee eeeeee eee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeee, eeeeeeeeeeee α,β-eeeee eeeeeeee. Mee eeeee ee eeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee eee eee eeee eeeeeee ee ee eeee eeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee; eeeeeee, eee eeeeeeeee ee eeee eeee- eee eee-eeeeeeee eeeee eee eeeee (‌Meeeee 888‌).[‌888‌,‌888‌]

‌Meeeee 888‌ Meeeeeeeeeeeee Meeeeeee ee ee α-Meeeee Meeee eeee e Meeeeeee[‌888‌]

Mee eeeeeeee ee ee α-eeee eeeeee eeee ee eeeeeeee ee eeeee ee α,β-eeeee eeeeee eee eeee ee eeeeeee eee eeeee Meøeeeeee-eeee eeeeeeeee.[‌888‌,‌888‌] Meee eeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeee eeeeeeeee eeeee ee eeeee eee eeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeee eee eeeee eeeee eeeeeeeeee. Meee, eee eeeeeeee ee e eeeeeeee eeeeee eee ee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeee eee ee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeee, eeeeeeee, ee eeeeeeeeee eeee. Me eee eeee eeeeeeeeee eeee eee eeeeeeeee eeeeee ee e eeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eeee eeeeeeeee ee eee eeee-eeeeeeee eeeeeeee: (8) eeee-eeeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee ee α-eeee eeee eeee eee α-eeee eeeeee; (8) eee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eee α-eeee eeee ee eee eeeeeeee (eeeee ee eeeeeeeee ee eee eeee) ee eeee e eeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeee; (8) eee MM8 eeee eeeeeee ee eeee eeeeeeeeee ee eeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee ee eeee (‌Meeeee 888‌). Meeeeee eeeeeee eeee eeeeeeee eeee eee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeeeeee, eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeee eeee, ee eeeeee eeeee, eeeeeeeeee eeee e eeee-eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeee eeeee eeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeee.

‌Meeeee 888‌ Meeeeeeee ee eee Meee-Meeeeeeee Meeeeeeeeeee ee Meeeeeee Meeeeeee eeee Meeeeeeeeeee[‌888‌]

Mee eeeeeeee eeeee ee eeeeeee eee eeee eee eeeeeeee ee eee-eeeeeeeeee α-eeee eeeeeee eeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eee eeee eeeeeeee (‌Meeeee 888‌). Mee eeeeeee eeeee ee eeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee eeeee e 88% eeeeeeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeee. Meee eeeeeeee-eeee α-eeee eeeeeee eeeee ee e eeeeee eeee eeee eeeeeeee-eeeeeeeee α-eeee eeeeeee eee eeeee eeee eeeeee eeeeee ee eeeeeeee ‌88‌.[‌888‌,‌888‌] Me eeeeeee, eee eeeeee eeeeeeee eee eee ee eeee ee eeeee eeeeeeee eee eee eeee eeeeeeeee eeeee eeeee eeeeeeeeee. Me eeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee eee eeee eeeeeeeeee.

‌Meeeee 888‌ Meeeeeee Meeeeeeeeee ee ee α-Meee Meee eeeee Meeeee Meeeeeeeee[‌888‌]

‌Meeeeeeeeee 888‌

Me eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eee ee eeeeeeee eeee eee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeee eee eeeee eeeee-eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee eeeee e eeeeee eeeee-eeeeeeee eeeeeeee. Meeee eeeee-eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee, eee eeeeeeeeeeeee ee eee α-eeee eeeeee eeeeeeeee eeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeee ee eee eee eeeeee, ee ee eeeeee–eeeeee ee eeeeee–eeeee, eee eee eeeee-eeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeee ee eee eee eeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeee eeee eee eeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeee eeeee. Mee eeeeeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eeee eeee eeeeeeeee: (8) eeeeee–eeeee eeeee-eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee eeeee e eeeeee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeee, eeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee e eeee, eee eeeeeee eeeee ee e eeeeeee,[‌888‌,‌888‌,‌888‌] eee (8) eeeeee–eeeeee eeeee-eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee eeeee e eeeeee eeeeeeee eeeee, eeeeeee eeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eee eeee, eee eeeeeee ee eee eeeeeee eeeeeee (‌Meeeee 888‌).[‌888‌,‌888‌–‌888‌]

‌Meeeee 888‌ Meeeee Meeee-Meeeeeee Meeeeeeee Meeeeee eee Meeeeeeeee Meeeeeee Meeeeeeeeee[‌888‌,‌888‌,‌888‌]

Meeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee ‌88‌ eeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee (88–88% ee) eee eeee eeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee, eeeeeeee eee eeeeeeee eeeee eee eeeeeeeeeee eeee (eeeeeee eeee 88 e ee 88.8 e) (‌Meeeee 888‌). Mee eeeeeeee eeeee eeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee. Mee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeee eee eee eeee eeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeee eeeee eeeeeee eeee eee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee. Mee eeeeee eeeee-eeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeee eee eeee eeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeee ee eee eeee-eeeeeeee, eeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeee-eeeeeee.[‌888‌]

Mee eeeeeeee eeeeee ‌888‌ eee ‌888‌, eeeee eee eeeeeee eeee eeeeeee eee eeeeeee, eeeeeeeeeeee, eeee eeee eeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeee; eeee eeeee, eee eeeeeeeee eee eeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee, eee eeee eeeeeeee eeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeee eeee eeeeeeee (‌Meeeee 888‌).[‌888‌,‌888‌–‌888‌]

‌Meeeee 888‌ Meeeeeeeee Meeeeeee Meeeeeeeeee eeeee Meeee-Meeeeeee Meeeeeeeee[‌888‌,‌888‌,‌888‌–‌888‌]

‌Meeeeeeeeee 888‌

Meeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeee eee ee eeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee, eeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeeee.[‌888‌] Mee eeeeeeee ee ee α-eeee eeeee eeee e eeeeeeee eee ee eeeeeeee eeeee eeeee eeeeeeeeee ee eeeeee (8) eeeeeee eeeeeeeeee eeeee eeeeee eeeeeee, eeeeeeeee eeee-eeeeeeee, ee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee, ee e eeee ee ee eeeeeee eeeeeee eeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee, eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee, eeeeee, ee eeeeeee, ee (8) eeeeee eeeeeeeeee eeeee e eee-eeeeeeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeeee ee e eeee ee eee eeeeee eeeeeee, e.e. eeeeeeeee eeee-eeeeeeee ee eeee-eeeee eeeeeee. Me ee eeeeeeeeee eeee, ee e eeeeeee ee eeeeeeeee, eeee eeeee eeeee eeeeeeeee ee eee eeee, eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eee eeee eeeeeeee ee e eeee eeeeeeee.[‌888‌]

Mee eeee-eeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee ee α-eeee eeeee eeee e eeeeeeee eee eeee ee eeeeeeeee eeeee eeeee-eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee. Mee eeeeeeee ee eeee-eeeee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee ee e eeeee-eeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeee eee eeeeeeeee ee eee-α,β-eeeee eeeeee ee eeee eeeee eee eeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee. Meee eee eeeeee ee eeeeeee eee eee eeeeeeee ee eee eeeee-eeeeeeee eeeeeeee eee eeeee eee eeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee. Mee eeeeeee ee e eeeee-eeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeee ee eee eeeee-eeeeeee eeeee eeeeee, eee ee ee eeeeeee ee ee eee eeee ee eee eeee. Meee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeee eee eeee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeee eee eeeeeeee, eee eeee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeee eee eeeeeeee ee e eeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee. Mee eeeeeeee eeeee ee eeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeee ee e eeee-eeeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeee eeee eeeeeeee-eeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeee, eee ee eeee eee eeeeee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee, eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eee eeeee eeeeeee eeeee eeeee eeeeeeeeee eee ee eeeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeeeee (‌Meeeee 888‌).[‌888‌]

‌Meeeee 888‌ Meeeeeee ee ee α-Meee Meeee eeee Meeeeeeee eeeee Meeee-Meeeeeee Meeeeeeeee[‌888‌]

Mee eeeeeeeeeee ee e eeeeee eeeeeee eeeee eeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeee ee ee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee. Meee, eee eeeeeeee eeeeeee eeee-eeeee eeeeeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeee, eeeeeeee ee eee eeeeee eeeeeee eeeee eeeeeee ‌888‌ ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee, eeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee (8M,8M)-eeeee-eeeee eeeeee ee eeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee (88–88%) eee eeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee (‌Meeeee 888‌). Mee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeeee eee eeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeee eeee ee eeeeeee, eeeeeee eeeee, ee eeeeeeee eeeee eeee eeee eeeeeee. Mee eeeeeeee eeeee ee eeeeeee ee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeee. Meeeeeeeeee, eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee eeee eee eeee eeeeeeeeeee eee, ee eeee, ee ee eee eeeee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeee ee eeee-eeeeeee eeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeee.[‌888‌]

‌Meeeee 888‌ Meeeeeeeee Meeeeeee ee ee α-Meee Meeee eeee Meeeeeeee eeeee Meeeeee Meeeeeeeee[‌888‌]

Mee eeeee eeeeeeee ee ee α-eeee eeeee eeee e eeeeeeee ee eeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee ‌888‌ ee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee ee Meeee-eeee eeeeeeeee. Mee M8-eeeeeeeee eeeeee Meeee eeee ‌888‌ eee eeee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeeee ee ee α-eeee eeeee eeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeee.[‌888‌,‌888‌] Mee eeeeeeee ee eeee-eeeee eeeeeeeeeeee eeee (M,M)-eeeeeeeeeee ‌888‌ eee eeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeee ee −88 °M eee 8 eeeee eeeeeeee eee M-eeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee. Meeeeeee ee ee eeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeee eeeee eee α-eeeee-β-eeeeeee eeeee ee eeee eeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee (88–88%) eee eeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee (88–88%). Mee eeeeeee eee ee eeeeeeeeeee eeee eee eeeee-α,β-eeeee eeeeee ee eeeeeeeee eeee eeeeee eeeeeeeee eeee-eeeeeeee ee eeee-eeeee eeeeeee ee 8,8-eeeeeeeeeeee[8.8.8]eeeee-8-eee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee, ee eeee eee eeeee-α,β-eeeee eeeee ee eeeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee/eeeee (‌Meeeee 888‌). Meee eeeeeeeee eee eeee eeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeee ee eeee eeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eeee eeee-eeeee eeeeeeeeeeee, eee ee eeee eeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeee eeee eee eeee eeeeeeeee eeee eee eeeeeeee. Me ee eeeeeeee eeee eee eeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee eee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee ee (M,M)-‌888‌ ee eee eeeeeeee ee eee α-eeee eeeee, eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeee eee M-eeeeeee (eeee eee eeeeeeee eee eeeeeee eeeee). Meee eeee eeeeee eeee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeee e eee-eeeeeeee Meeeeeeee–Meeeeee eeeeeeeeee eeeee ee eeee eee eeeeeeeeee eeee eeee eeeeeeeee- eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee. M eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeee eeeeeee eee ee eeeeeeee eeeee eeeee eeeeeeeeee ee eeee eee eeeee-eeeeeee ‌888‌.

‌Meeeee 888‌ Meeeeeeee ee eeeee-Meeee Meeeee ee Meeeee Meeee Meee Meeeeeee Meeeeeee ee ee α-Meee Meeee eeee Meeeeeee Meeeeeeee[‌888‌,‌888‌]

‌Meeeeeeeeee 888‌

e e.e. = eee eeeeeeee.

Mee M8-eeeeeeeee eeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ‌888‌ eee eeee eeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeeee ee e β-eeeee-β-eeeeee eeeeee eeeee eeeeee eeee eeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeee. Meeeeeeeeee, eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeee eeeeeeeee eeeee eee, eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeee eeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee ‌888‌, eee-eeeee eeeeee ‌888‌ eee eeeeeeee ee eee eeeee eeeeeee ee eeee eeeee eee eeee eeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee.[‌888‌] Meeeeeeee, eee β-eeeee-β-eeeeee eeeeee eeeee eeeeee ee eeeeeeee eee eeee ee e eeeeeee ee M- eee M-eeeeeeeeeeeee; eeeeeee, eeee eee eeeeee eeeeee ee eee eeeeeee ee eee eeeee eeeeeeeeeeee. Mee eee-eeeeeeeeeeee eee eeeeee eeee eeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee (88–88% ee); eeeeeee, eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee eee eee eeee eeeeeeee, eee eee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeee-eeeeeeee eeee eeeeeee (‌Meeeee 888‌).

‌Meeeee 888‌ Meeeeeeee ee eee-Meeee Meeeee ee Meeeee Meeee Meee Meeeeeee Meeeeeee ee e β-Meeee Meeeee Meeeee eeee Meeeeeeee[‌888‌]

‌Meeeeeeeeee 888‌

e Meeeeeeeee ee eeeeee MMMM eeeeeeee.

Mee eeeeeeee ee α-eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeee eee eeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee ee 8 eeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee −88 °M. Meeee eeeeeeeeee eee eeee eeeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eee eeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee. Mee eeeeeeeee ee eeeee eeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee −88 °M. Mee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeee eee eeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eee eee eeeee ee eeeeeee e eeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee–eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeee,[‌888‌] eee ee eee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeee eee eeeeeeee eeeeee ee eeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeeeeee. Mee eeeeeeee eeeee ee eeeee eee eeee eeeeeeeeee eee eee-eeeeeeeeee eeeeeee eeee eeee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee. Meeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeee eeeee eeeeeeeeee ee eeee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeee-eeeeeeee. Meeeeeeee, eee eeeeee ee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeee eee eeeeeeeeee eeeeee eeeeeee ee eee eeeeeee.[‌888‌]

Meeeee α-eeee eeeeee, eeeee, eee eeeeeeee, eee eeee-eeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee α-eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeee, ee eeee eeeee, eeee eee eeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee. Meeeeee eeee eeeee eeee eee eeeeee eMe ee eee α-eeeeeee ee eee eeeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eee eeeeeeee eeee eee eeeeeeee Meeeeee eeeeeee. Meeeeee, eee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeee eeee 8-eeeeee-M,M-eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee ee eeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeee eeeee eeeee eeeeee eee M,M-eeeeeee-8-eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee (88–88% eeeeeeee eeeee), eeeee eeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee.[‌888‌] Meeeeeeee, eeeeeeee eee eee eeee eeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee ee eee eeee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeee eeeeee eeeeeee ee eeeeeeeee eeee-eeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeeeeeeeee eee α-eeeeeeeee ‌888‌ eeeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeee eeeeeee eeee eee eeeeeeee eeee 8-eeeeee-M,M-eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee (‌Meeeee 888‌).[‌888‌]

‌Meeeee 888‌ Meee Meeeeeeee ee eee Meee-Meeeeeee Meeeeeeeeeee ee ee α-Meeeeeeeeeeee eeee Meeeeee[‌888‌]

Meeeeee eeeee eeeeeeeeeeeee, eee eeeeeeeee ee α,β-eeeee eeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeee ee α-eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eee ee eeeeeeee, eeeeeeee eee eeeeeeee ee eee-eeeeeeeeee (eeee eeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee) ee eeeeee eeeeeeee, eee eee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeee eee eeeee eeeeee eeeeee[‌888‌] ee eeeee-eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee.[‌888‌] Me eee eeee eeeeeeee eeee eeee eeeeeeee eeeeee eee eeee, eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeee ee eee eeeeeee ‌888‌ eeee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee e eeee eeee eeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeee (‌Meeeee 888‌). Mee eeeeee eMe ee eee α-eeeeeee ee α-eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee eee eeee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeee (e8 > e–8 eee e8 > e–8). Meeeeee eeeee ee eeeeee eeeeeeeeee ee eeeeee eeeeeee eee eee eeeeeeeeee eeeeee, eeee eee- eee eeee-eeeeeeeee (‌888‌ eee ‌888‌, eeeeeeeeeeee) eee eeeeee ee ee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eeeee. Meeee eeee eeee eeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee eee- eee eeeee-eeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeee ee eeeeeeeeeee 8:8 eeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee. Meee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeee eee eee eeee-eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee ee α-eeee eeeeee eeee eeeeeeee eeeeee, eeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee.

‌Meeeee 888‌ Meeeeeeee eee eee Meee-Meeeeeee Meeeeeeeeeee ee α-Meeeeeeeeeeeee eeee Meeeeeee Meeeeeeee

Mee eeeeeeee ee M,M-eeeeeee- ee M,M-eeeeeee-α-eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eeeee eeeeee eeeeeeeeee, eeeee eeee-eeeee eeeeeee ee eee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeeee eeee-eeeeeeee ee e eeee, eeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee α,β-eeeee eeeeee ee e 8:8 eeeeeee ee eeeee- eee eee-eeeeeeeeeeeee (‌Meeeee 888‌). Mee eeeeeeeee ee eeee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeee eeeee.[‌888‌]

‌Meeeee 888‌ Meeeeeeeeeee ee α-Meeeeeeeeeeeee eeee Meeeeeee Meeeeeeee eeeee Meeeee Meeeeeeeee[‌888‌]

‌Meeeeeeeeee 888‌

Mee eee ee eeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eee eeee eeee eeeeeeeee eeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee Meeeeee eeeeeeee. Mee eeeeee (eeeeeeeeee)eeeeeeeeeeeee (8M)-‌888‌ eee ee eeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee α-eeee eeeeeee ee eeeeeeeee eeee ee eeeee eeee ee eee eeeeeeee ee e Meeee eeee. Mee eeeeee ee eee Meeee eeee ee eeee eeee ee eeeeeee eeeeeeeee eee eeeeee eeee eeee ee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee, eee eee eeee ee eeee ee eeeeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeee eeeeeee eee eeee ee eee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeee (‌Meeeee 888‌). Meee, eeeeeeee ee (8M)-‌888‌ eeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee M-eeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee ee e Meeee eeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee 8 °M eeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeeee. Meeeeeee ee ee eeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeee (−88 ee 8 °M), eeeeeeee ee eeeeeee ee eeee eeeeeeeeeee, eeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee. Meee eee, ee eeee, ee eeee eeeeee ee eee α,β-eeeee eeeee eeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eee eeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeee eeee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee (MeMMe) ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee −88 °M. Mee eeeee eeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee eee, ee eee eeeeeeee ee eeeee, eeee eeeee e eeeee ee eee(MM) Meeee eeee, eeee eeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eeee eee eee-eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeee. Meeeeeeee, eeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeee eeee eeeeeee{[(eeeeeeeeeeeeeee)eeeeeeee]eee}eeeeee eeee eee eeeeeee eeeeeeeee- eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeee eee-eeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee (88–88% ee, 88–888% ee). Mee eee(MM) eeeeeee ee eeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeee ee ‌888‌ eeee M-eeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee 8 °M eee eeeeeeee ee eee(MM) eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee. Mee eeeee eeeeeee ee eeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee 8 °M ee eee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeee{[(eeeeeeeeeeeeeee)eeeeeeee]eee}eeeeee. Mee eeee eeeeeee ee eee eee-eeeeeeeeeeee eeee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeee eee (8M,8M)-eee-eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee. Me eeeeeeee, eee-eeeeeeeeeeeee eeee eeeee-eeeeeeee ee eee eeeeee, eee eeee-eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeee ee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee.[‌888‌,‌888‌]

Meeeeeeeee, eee eee ee eeeeeee, eeee, ee eee(MM) eeeeeeeeeee ee eeeee eeeeeeeee eeeee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee (8M,8M) ee eee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeee. Mee eeeeeee eeeeeee ee eeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee −88 °M, eee eee(MM) eeeeeee ee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee eee eeeeee eeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee, eee eee eeee eeeeeee ee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee eee eeeeeee eeeeeee eeee eeee(MM) eeeeeeee.

Mee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeee ee eeeee eeeee ee eeeeee eeeeeeeee eeee eee eeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee. Meeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeeeeeee eee-eeeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeee-eeeeeeeeeee. Mee eeeeeeeee eeeeeee ee eeee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeee ee eee eeee eeee eee eeeeeeee eee-eeeeeeeeeeeee eeee ee eeee eeeee-eeeeeeee ee eee eeeeee eeee eeee eeeeeee.[‌888‌,‌888‌]

‌Meeeee 888‌ Meeeeeee Meeeeeeeeee eeee ee α-Meee Meeeeeeee Meeeeee Meeee’ Meeeeeeee[‌888‌,‌888‌,‌888‌]

‌Meeeeeeeeee 888‌

e Meeeeeeeee ee 8M MMM ee MMM.

Meeeeeee eeeeeee eeee eeeee eeee, eeee eeeeeeeeeeeee ee ‌888‌, eee M-eeeeeee ee eeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeee (>88:8 M/M). Me ee eeeeeeeee eeee eeeeeee eeee ee e eeeeee, eeeee, eeeeeeee, ee eee(MM) eeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeee ee eee eeeee eeeeee eeeee ee eee eeeeeee eee eee eeeeeeee eeeeee. Meeee, eee eeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeee eee eeee eeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeee ee e eee-eeeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeeeeee eeeee ‌888‌ eee M—M eeee eeeeeeeee eeee eee M-eeeeeee ee (8M)-‌888‌, eeee eee eeeee eeee-eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee eeee e eee-eeeeeeeee eeeeeee-eeee eeeeeeeeee eeeee ‌888‌ (‌Meeeee 888‌).[‌888‌] Mee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeee eeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeee eeeeeeeee. Me ee eeeeeeeeee eeee eee eee ee eeeee eeeee eeee ee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee, eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee, eee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeee(eeeeeeeee)eeeee eee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeee eee eeeeee eee/ee eeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeee eeeee eeee. Mee eeeeeee, eeee, eee eee(MM) eeeeeeee, eeeeeee, eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eee, ee eeee, eee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee eeee eee eeeeeee eee eee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee, eeeeeeeee eee Meeee eeeeeeeee. Me ee eee eeee ee eee-eeeeeeeee eeeeeee, eeee eeeee eee eeeeeee-eeee eeeeeeeeee eeeeee (‌888‌ eee ‌888‌, eeeeeeeeeeee) eee M—M eeee eeeeeeeee eeee eeee eeeeeeeeee. Meeeeee, eeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeee eeee ee eeee, eeeee eeee ee eeeeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeee eee eee (‌Meeeee 888‌). Mee eeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeee eeeeeeeee eee eee-eeeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeee ee eeeeee eeeeeeeee eee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee eeeeee ee M—M eeee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeee eeee eee eeeeeeeee ee eee eeeee.[‌888‌]

‌Meeeee 888‌ Meeeee ee Meeeeeeeeee Meeeeee Meeeeeeee eee Mee-Meeeeeeee Meeeeee[‌888‌]

Mee eeeeeeeeeeee ee α-eeee eeeeee eeee eeeeeeeee eee ee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeee eee(eeeeeeee) eeee ‌888‌ eeeeeee eeee 8,8'-eeeeeeeeeeeee-8,8'-eeee ee e eeeee-eeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeee eeeeee–eeeee eeeee-eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee. Meeeeeeee, eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee, eeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeee, ee eeeeee eeeeeeeee eee eeee ee eee eeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee. Meee eeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eeee eeee eeeeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee (88–88%). Mee eeeeeeee eeeee ee eeeeeee ee M,M-eeeeeeeeeeeeee; M,M-eeeeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee. Meee eeeee, e eeeeeee ee eeee eee-eeeeeeee ‌888‌ eee eeeee-eeeeeeee ‌888‌ ee eeeeeeee eeee eee eeeeeeee eeee eee eee-eeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeee (‌Meeeee 888‌).[‌888‌]

‌Meeeee 888‌ Meeeeeeeeeee ee α-Meeeeeeeeeeeee eeee Meeeeeee Meeeee eeeee Meeee-Meeeeeee Meeeeeeeee[‌888‌]

Mee eeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeee eeeeeeee eee ee eeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeee (−88 °M) eeeee eeeeeeeeeeee, eeeeeeeeeeeee, eeeeeeeeeeeee, ee eeeeee eeeeeee ee e eeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee e eeeeeee. Meeeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee e eeeeeeee eee eeeeeee ee eeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeee eeee eee ee eeee-eeeeee ee α,β-eeeee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee. Meee eeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee (ee eee eeee ee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeee eeeeeeee) ee eeeeeee e Meeeeee–Mäeeeeee-eeee eeeeeeeeeeeee.[‌888‌,‌888‌] Mee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeee eeee eeeee eee eeeee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eee eeee eeeeeee, eee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeee eee ee eeeeeee eeee ee eee eeeeeeeee, eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeee eee eeeeeee eeeee.[‌888‌] Meee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eee ee eeeeeee ee eeeee eeeee-eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee. Mee eeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eee eeeeeee, eee e eeeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeee eeee eee eeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeeeeeeeee eee eeeee-eeeeeeee.[‌888‌]

Meee eeeeee- eee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eee eeeeee eeeeeeeee eeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee ee e eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeee eeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eee e eeeee-eeeeeeee eeeeeeee. Meeee eeeeee eee eeeeeee eeeeeeeee eee eeeee eeee eeeeeeee eeeeee ee eeee α,β-eeeee eeeeeeee ‌888‌. Meeeeeeee, eee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeee eee ee eeeeeeeeeeee, eeeeeee, eeeeeeeeeeeeeee, ee eeeeeee eeeee, eee e eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeee eeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeee ee eee eeeee-eeeeeeee eeeeeeee. Meee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee, eeee eee eeeeee eeeeeeeee eeeeee eeeee-eeeeeeee ee e eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee (‌Meeeee 888‌).[‌888‌] M eeeeee ee eeeeeeeee-eeeee eeeeeee eeee eeee eeeeeeeeee eeeee eeeeee eeeeeeeeee eeeee e eeeeeee ee eeee-eeeee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeeee eeee-eeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeee eee eeee.[‌888‌,‌888‌]

‌Meeeee 888‌ Meeeeeee Meeeeeeeeee ee Meeeeeee ee Meeeeeeeeeee 8-Meeee Meeeeee ee Meeeeeee Meeeee eeeee Meeee-Meeeeeee Meeeeeeeee[‌888‌]

Mee eee ee eeeeee eeeeeeee eeee ‌88‌ eee eeee eeee eeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee ee α-eeee eeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeee, eeeeee eee eeeeeeeee (8M,8M)-eeeee-eeeee eeeeeeee ee eeee eeeee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee (88–88%) (e.e., ‌Meeeee 888‌). Meeee eee eeee eeeeeeeeee, eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eeee eeeeeee eeeee-eeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee eeee e eeeeeee ee eee- eee eeeee-eeeeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeee eee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee.[‌888‌,‌888‌]

‌Meeeee 888‌ Meeeeeeeeeeeeeee Meeeeeee Meeeeeeeeee ee Meeeeeee ee Meeeeeeeeeee Meeeee Meeeeee ee Meeeeeeeeeee ee eee Meeeeeee ee e Meeeee Meeeeeee Meee [‌888‌,‌888‌]

Meeeeeeee, α-eeee eeeeeeeeeeee eee ee eeeeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeee eeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeeeeeeee (‌Meeeee 888‌).[‌888‌,‌888‌] Meeeeeeee, eeeeeeeee eeee-eeeeeeee ee eeee ee e eeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee 8 °M. Meeee eeeee eeeeeeeeee, eeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee eee eeeeee eeeee eeeeeee. Meee eeeeeeeee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee ee eeeee eeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee, eeeee, ee eeee eeeee, eee ee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee.

‌Meeeee 888‌ Meeeeeeeeee ee e Meeeee eeee ee α-Meee Meeeeeeeeee Me Meee ee Meeee Meeeeeeeeee[‌888‌]

Mee eeee-eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee ee e eeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeee ee α-eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeee eee eeeeeeeee ee α,β-eeeeeeeeeeeee, e.e. ‌888‌ (‌Meeeee 888‌). Mee eeeeeeee eee ee eeeeeee eee eeeee eeeeee eeeeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeeeee eeee-eeeeeeee ee eeee-eeeee eeeeeee ee eeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeee ee eeeee eeeeeeeeee,[‌888‌] eee eee eee ee eeeeee eeeeeeee ee e eeee eeeeee ee eeeeeee eeeeeee ee eee eeee eeeee eeee ee eee eeeee eeee eee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeee ee eeeee eeeee.[‌888‌]

‌Meeeee 888‌ Mee Mee ee ee α-Meeeeeeeeeeee Me Meee ee α,β-Meeeeeeeeeee[‌888‌]

Me eeeeeeeeeee eeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee α-eeee eeeeeeee eee eee Meeeeee eeeeeeee ee ee 8,8-eeeeeeee ee e eeeeeeeeeee ee ee α,β-eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee. Meee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeee eee eeeeeeee ee eeeee eeeeeeeeee ee eeee eeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee (‌Meeeee 888‌).[‌888‌] Meeeeeeeeee, ee eee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee e eeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eee eeeee eeee eee eeeeeeeee ee eee eee eeeee eeeee (‌Meeeee 888‌).[‌888‌,‌888‌] Meeeeeeee, eee eeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeee ee e eeee, eeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeee eeee ee eeeeeeeee eeee-eeeeeeee ee eeeeeee ee eeeee-eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeee eeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee ee e eeeee-eeeeeeee eeeeeeee. Me eee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeee, eee eeeeeeeee ee eeee eeee- eee eee-eeeeeeee eeeee eee eeee eeeeeeee, eeeeee ee eeeeeeee eeeeee.

‌Meeeee 888‌ Meeee-Meeeeeeee Meeeeeee Me Meee Meeeee Meeeeeeeeee Meeeeeee[‌888‌]

‌Meeeee 888‌ Meeeeeeeeeeeee Meeeeeeeeee Me Meee Meeeeeee Meeeeeee[‌888‌,‌888‌]

‌Meeeeeeeeee 888‌

e Meeeeeee eeeeeee eee eeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeee ee e eeeee-eeeeeeee eeeeeeee.

Meeeeeeeeeee Meeeeeeee

Meeeeeee ‌88‌; Meeeeee Meeeeeeee:[‌888‌]

Meeeee M: M eeeeeee eeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeee (88 eeee) eee MeMe (88 eeee) ee eeeee MMM (88 eM), Me8M (88 eM), eee eeeeeee (88 eM) eee eeeeee ee −888 °M eee 8.8 M eeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeee (88 eeee, ee eeeeeeeee eeeeee ee MeMe eee eeeee ee eeeeeeee) eee eeeee eeeeeeee. Meeee eeeeeeee eee 88 eee, e eeee ee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee (8 eeee) ee MMM eee eeeee. Mee eeeeeee eee eeeeeee eee 8.8 e ee eeee eeeeeeeeeee eee eeee eeeeee ee ee eee eeeeeee eee ee eeeeeeeeee 8 e. Mee eeeeeee eee eeee eeeeeee eeee eee. ee MM8Me eee eeeeeeeee eeee Me8M. Mee Me8M eeee eee eeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeee, eee eee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeee ee eeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee (eeeeee eee) ee ee eeeeeee-eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee.

Meeeeeee ‌88‌; Meeeeee Meeeeeeee:[‌888‌]

Meeeee M: M eeeeeee eeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeee (8–8.8 eeee) eee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee (8 eeee) ee MMM eeeee ee eeeee eeeeeeeeee eee eeeeee ee −88 °M eee e 8.8 M eeee ee eeeeeeeeeeee ee Me8M (8 eeee, ee eeeeeeeee eeeeee ee MeMe eee eeeee ee eeeeeeee) eee eeeee eeeeeeee. Mee eeeeeee eee eeeeeee ee eeee ee ee eee eeeeeee eeeeeeeee. Mee eeeeeee eee eeee eeeeeee eeee MM8Me eee eeeeeeeee eeee Me8M. Mee Me8M eeee eee eeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeee, eee eee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeee ee eeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee (eeeeee eee).

Meeeeeeeeeeee ‌88‌; Meeeeee Meeeeeeee:[‌888‌]

Meeee ee eeeee eeeeeeeeee, 8-eeeeee-8-(eeeeeeeeeeeeee)eeee-8-eee (8 eeee) eee eeeee ee 8 M MeMe8 (8 eeee) ee MMM ee −88 °M. Mee eeeeeeeee eeeeeee eee eeeeee ee −88 °M eee e eeeeeee eeeeeeee 8 M eeee ee MMM (8 eeee) ee eeeee MMM eee eeeee eeeeeeee. M eeeeee eeeeeee eeeeee eee eee eeeeeee eee ee eeeeeeeeee 8 e ee eeee eeeeeeeeeee. Mee eeeeeeee (8 eeee) eee eeee eeeee ee e eeeeee eeeeeee eee eee eeeeeee eee eeeeeee eee eeeeeee 8 e ee −88 °M. Mee eeee eee eeeeee ee −88 °M, eeeeeee eee 88 eee, eee eeee eeeeeeee eeee e eeeeeee ee MM8Me eee MM8 (8:8). Meeee eeeeeee ee ee, eee eeeeee eeee eeeeeeeee eee eee eeeeeee eeeee eee eeeeeeeee eeee Me8M. Mee eeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeee eeee eeeeee eeee M8M, eeee eeeee, eee eeee eeeee (MeMM8). Meeeeee ee eee eeeeeee eeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeee eeee eee eeeee eeeeeeeeeeee, eeeee eeeee ee eeeeeeee ee eeeee eeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee (MeMMe/eeeeeeeeeee 8:8).

Meeeeeee ‌88‌; Meeeeee Meeeeeeee:[‌888‌,‌888‌]

Mee α-eeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee (8 eeee) eee eeeeeeeee ee MMM (8 eM) eee eeeee ee e eeee ee eee eeee (8–8.8 eeeee) ee eee eeee eeeeeee (88 eM) ee eee eeeeee eeeeeeeeeee. Mee eeeeeee eee eeee eeeeeee ee eeee eeeeeeeeeee eee 88 eee ee 8 e eeeeeeeee eeee eee eeeeeeeee. Mee eeeeeeee eee eeeee eeeeeeee eee eee eeeeeee eee eeeeeee ee eeee ee ee eeee eee eeeeee eeee eeeeee. Mee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeee eeee M8M eee eeeeeeeee eeee Me8M (8 × 88 eM). Mee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeee eeeee (MeMM8) eee eee eeeeeee eee eeeeeee eeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeee; eee eeeee eeeeeeee eeee eeee eeeeeeee ee eeeee eeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee, eeeeeeeeeeeeeee, ee eeeeeeeeeee.

Meeeeeee ‌88‌; Meeeeee Meeeeeeee:[‌888‌]

MMMMMMM: Meeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee e eeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeeeeee eee ee eee eee eeee eeeeeeee.

Me e eeee ee Me8MeMMe (8 eeee) ee eee MMM (8 eM) eeeee M8 eee eeeee MeMMM (8 eeee) ee 8 °M. Meeee 88 eee, eee MM eeee ee 8888 ee−8 eee ee eee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eee e eee eeee ee 8888 ee−8 eee eeeeeeee eee ee eee eeeeeeeee ee Me8MeM(Me)MM8Me. Mee α-eeee eeeeee (8 eeee), eeeeeeee eeeeeeee (8 eeee), eee MMMM (8 eeee) eeee eeeee ee eee eeeeeee. Meeee eeeeeee ee 88 °M eee eee eeeeeeee eeee, eee eeeeeee eee eeeeeee eee eee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeee ee eeeee eeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee. Meeeeee eeee eeeeee eeee Me8MeM, eeeeeeeeee eeeeeee eeee e eeeeee/MeMMe eeeeeee eeee eee eeee α,β-eeeee eeeeeee.

Meeeeeee ‌88‌; Meeeeee Meeeeeeee:[‌888‌]

Meee eee MeMM eee eeeeeeeee eeee MMe eee eee eeee eee eeee eee eeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeee (88% MMe). Mee α-eeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee (8 eeee) eee eeeeeeee (8 eeee) eeee eeeee eeee eee MeMM/MMe eeee (888 eM) eee eee eeeeeee eee eeeeeee eee 88 eee ee 8 °M. Meeee eee eeeeeeee eee eeeeeeee, eee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeee eeee M8M (888–888 eM) eee eeeeeeeeeee eeee e eeee MeMM eeee ee eM 8. Mee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeee eeee eee eeeeeee eeee ee ee. Meeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee eeee e eeeee eeeeeee, eeeee eeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeee (88% MeMM ee eeeeeee).

Meeeeeee ‌888‌ eee ‌888‌; Meeeeee Meeeeeeee:[‌888‌]

Me e eeee ee eeeeeeee (8.88 eeee), (eeeeeeeeee)eeeeeeeee (8.88 eeee), eee eeeeeeee ‌888‌ (8.8 ee, 8 eee%) ee eee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee (8 eM) eee eeeee eee eeeee eeee (8.88 eeee). Mee eeeeeee eee eeeeeee ee ee eee eee eeeeeeee eeee, eeeeeeeee eeee MeMMe (8 × 8 eM), eeeeee eeee eeeee, eee eeeee (Me8MM8). Mee eeeeeee eee eeeeeee eeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeee eee eee eeeee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeee ee eeeee eeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee.

Meeeeeee ‌888‌; Meeeeee Meeeeeeee:[‌888‌]

Meeeeeeeeeee 8-eeeee eeeeeee (88 eeee), 88% e/e ee MeMM (88 eM), MeMM (8 eM), MMMMM (8.88 e), eee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee (88 eeee) eeee eeeeeee ee 88–88 °M eee 88 eee. Mee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeee eee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee [eeeeee/MMe8 (MMMMMMM: eeeee)].

Meeeeeee, e.e. ‌888‌; Meeeeee Meeeeeeee:[‌888‌]

M eeee ee e-MeMM (888 eeee) ee e-MeMM (888 eM) eee eeeee ee e eeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee (888 eeee) eee α-eeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee (888 eeee) eeeee e M8 eeeeeeeeee ee 8–88 °M eeee 8.8 e. Mee eeeeeee eee eeee eeeeeee eeeee eeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee eee eeeeeeee ee MMM eee eee eeeeeee eee eeee eeeeeee eeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeee. Mee eeeeeee eee eeeeeee eeee Me8M (888 eM) eee eeeeeeeeee M8M ee eeeeeeee eee MMe. Mee eeeee eeeee eee eeeeeeeee, eeeeee eeee e eee. MeMe eeee, eee eeeee (MeMM8), eee eee eeeeeee eee eeeeeee. Mee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeee.

References

Meeeeee Meeeeeeeeee

• 8.Meeeee-Meee, (8888) M 8-8, 888.
• 8.Meeeee-Meee, (8888) M 88e8, 888.
• 8.Meeeee-Meee, (8888) M 88e, 888.