Science of Synthesis

García Ruano, J. L.; Cid, M. B.; Martín-Castro, A. M.; Alemán, J., Science of Synthesis, (2008) 39, 271.

Molecular halogens can be used for the oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides. Organic sulfides react easily with bromine to give the corresponding addition products, best described as bromosulfonium bromides and/or dialkylsulfur dibromides (‌Scheme 42‌).[‌161‌] Their hydrolysis leads to sulfoxides.

‌Meeeee 88‌ Meeeeeeee ee Meeeeee Meeeeeee ee Meeeeeeeee Meeee Meeeeeeee Meeeeee[‌888‌]

Mee eee ee eeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee, eeeeeee ee eeeeeee, eee eeee eeeeee eeeeeeeee eee eee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee.[‌888‌–‌888‌] Meeeeee, eeee eeeeee eeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee eeee ee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee eeeee eee eeeee-eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee, eeeee ee eee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee eeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee eeeeee. Meee eeeeeee eee ee eeeeeeeeeeee eeee eee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee eeee eeeeeee, ee eeee ee eee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeeee ee eeeeeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeee, eee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeee eee-eeeee eeeeeeeeee (eeeeeeeeeeeeeee/eeeee) (‌Meeeee 88‌).[‌888‌,‌888‌] Me eeee eeeeeeee, eee eeee eeee ee ee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee eeeeeee. Meee eeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eeeeee eee eeeeeeeee ee e eeeee ee eeeeeee, eeeee eeeeee, eee eeeeee eeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeee ‌88‌ ee eeee eeeeee (88–888%) eee ee eeeeeee ee eeeeeeee. Me ee eeee eeeeee eee eee eeeeeeeee ee 88M-eeeeeee eeeeeeeeee.

‌Meeeee 88‌ Meeeeeeee ee Meeeeee Meeeeeee ee Meeeeeeeee Meeee Meeeeee eeeee Mee-Meeee Meeeeeeeee[‌888‌,‌888‌]

M eeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeee eeee eeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeee eee eeee eeeeeeee. Mee eeeeeee ee eeeee eeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee ee eee eeee ee eee eeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee eeeeeee. Me eeee eeeeeee, eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeee eeee eeeeeeee eeeeee (e.e., eeeeeeee ee 8,8-eeeeeeeeeeee[8.8.8]eeeeee) eeee eeee eeee.[‌888‌] Mee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee–eeeeeee (MMMMM) ee eeeeeeeeee/eeeee ee eeee e eeeeee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeee eee eee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee (e.e., ‌88‌) ee eee eeeeeeeeee (e.e., ‌88‌) ee eeeeeeeee eeeeee (>88%) (‌Meeeee 88‌).[‌888‌] Meee eeee eeeeee, ee eeeeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeee ee eeeeeeee. Meeeeeeee–Meeeee-eeee eeeeeeee eee eeeeeeee eeee eeeeeee ee eee eeeeeee.[‌888‌]

‌Meeeee 88‌ Meeeeeeee ee Meeeeee Meeeeeee ee Meeeeeeeee Meeee Meeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee–Meeeeee[‌888‌]

Mee eee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee–eeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeee eee ee eeee e eeeeeee eeeeee eee eee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee (e.e., ‌88‌) ee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee (e.e., ‌88‌), eeeee ee eeeeeeeee eeeeee (‌Meeeee 88‌).[‌888‌] Meee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eeeeee eee eee ee eee eeeeeee eeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee.

‌Meeeee 88‌ Meeeeeeee ee Meeeeee Meeeeeee ee Meeeeeeeee Meeee Meeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee–Meeeeee ee Mee Meeeee Mee[‌888‌]

Meeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeee eeee eee eee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee.[‌888‌] Meee eeeeeee eeeeeeee eee eeeee eeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee ee eeee eeeeee, eeee eeee eeeeeeeeeee, ee eeeeeee-eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee ee e eee-eeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee/eeeee eeeeee. Meeeeeeeeeeee, eee eeeeeee eee ee eeee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeee. Meee eeeeeee ee eeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee, eee eeeeeeee eeeeeee eeee ee eeeeee ee eeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeee eeeee eee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeee ee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee. Meee, eee eeeeeee eeeee eee ee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeee, eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eee eeee eeeeeee eeeeeeee.

Mee eeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeee ee eeeeeeee eeeeee eee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeee eeeeee eee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeee eeeeeeee, eeeee eeeee eeeeeeee, eee eeeee eeeeee eeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee ‌88‌ ee eeee eeeeee, eeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee (‌Meeeee 88‌).[‌888‌] Mee eeeeee eeee eee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeee ee e eeee ee eeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee eee ee eeeeee eeeeeee. Mee eeeeeeee eeeeee eee eeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeee; ee eeee eeee ee e eeeeeeee eeeeeeee. Meeeeeeeeeee, eee eeeee eeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee eeeeee eee eeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeee eeeeeee ee λ8-eeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeee.

‌Meeeee 88‌ Meeeeeeee ee Meeeeee Meeeeeee ee Meeeeeeeee Meeee Meeeeee–Mee Meeeee Mee[‌888‌]

M eeeeee eeeeeeeee eee eeee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee eeeeeee eee ee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeee eeeeeee eee eeee eeeeeeee, eeeee eeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee, eeee ee eee eeeeeeee ee ee eeeeee ee eeeeeeeee eeeeeee.[‌888‌] Mee eeeeeeeee eeeee eeeee ee ee eeeeeee eeeeeee (eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee) eeeeeee eee eeeeeeee ee eeeee, eeeee eeeee eee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee eee eeee-eeeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee.

Me eeeeeeeeeee eeeeee ee eee eee ee eeeeeeeee eeeeeee eee eee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eee eee ee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee.[‌888‌–‌888‌] Meeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee ee e eeeee, eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eeee eee ee eeeeeee eee eeeee eeee eeeeeeeeee eeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeee e eeee eeeee-eeee.[‌888‌] Me eeeee eeeeeeeee eee eeeeee eeeeeee ee eeeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eeee, eeeee ee eeee eeee ee ee eeeeeeeeeeee, eeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeee, eeeee ee eeee eeeeeeeeee ee eeeee ee eeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee. M eeeeee ee eeeeeeee eeee eeee eeeeeeee ee eeee eeeeee eee eee eeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee eeee eeeeeee eee eeeeeee eeeeee.

Meeeeee eeee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeee eee eee eeeeeeeee ee e eeeeee ee eeeeeee, eeeee eeeeee, eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeee eeeeee eeeeeeeee, eeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeee eeeeeeeeeee ee ee eeeeeeeee 8,8-eeeeeeeeeeeeee.[‌888‌] Meeeeeeee(eeeeee)eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee/eeeee eeee eeeeeeee eeeeeee, eeeee eeeeee, eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee ‌88‌ ee eeee eeeeee (‌Meeeee 88‌).[‌888‌] Meee eeeeee eeeeeee 88M-eeeeeee eeeeeeeeee eeee ee eeee ee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeee ee eee 88M-eeeeeee eeeee eeee ee eeee.

‌Meeeee 88‌ Meeeeeeee ee Meeeeee Meeeeeee ee Meeeeeeeee Meeee Meeeeeeee(eeeeee)eeeeeeee Meeeeeeeee ee Meeeeeee/Meeee[‌888‌]

Mee eee ee eeeeeeeee eeeeee eee eee eeee ee eeeeee eeeeeeeee eee eee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeee eeeeeeee. Meeeeee, eee eeeeeee(MM) eeeee–eeeeee eeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeee eeeeee (≥88%) eeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeee.[‌888‌] Mee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee eee eee eeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeee, eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeee eeee eeee ee eeeeee eeee eeee eee eeeeeee(MM) eeeee. Meee ee eeee e eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eee eee eeeeeeeeeee ee 88M-eeeeeee eeeeeeeeee.

Meeeee eeeeeeeee ee e eeeeeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeee eeee eee ee eeeeee eee eeeeee eeeeee. Mee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee eeee eeeeee eeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee Meeeeee eee Meeeeee.[‌888‌] Me ee e eeeeeee, eeeeeeeee eeeeee eeee eeeee eeeeeeeeee ee eeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeee, eeee ee eeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeee. Meee eeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeee e eeeee-eeeeeee eeeeee, e.e. eeeeeeee/eeeee, eee ee eeeeeeee ee eeeee eeeee eeeee eeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeee ee eeeee ee eee. Mee eeeeee eeeeee eee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee eee eeeee eeeeee eeeeeeee eeeee eeee eeeeeeeeee (‌Meeee 8‌).[‌888‌] Mee eeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee eeee eeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee.

‌Meeee 8‌ Meeeeeeee ee Meeeeee Meeeeeee ee Meeeeeeeee Meeee Meeeee Meeeeeeee[‌888‌]

Mee eeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeee e eeee-eeeeeeeeeee eee-eeee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeee eeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeee eee ee eeeeeee. Mee eeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeee e eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeee ee eeeeee ee e eeeeeeeee eeeeee eeee eee ee eeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeee eeee eeeeeee ee eee MM8 eeeeeeeee. M eeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeeee e eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee e eeeee eeeeeeeeee eeeee, eeee ee eeeeeeee ee ‌Meeeee 88‌.[‌888‌] Meee ee eee ee eee eeee eeeeeeeeee eeee eeeeeee eee eee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeee.[‌888‌,‌888‌] Mee eeeeeee eee ee eeee ee eee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee eeeeee (e.e., ee eeee ‌88‌)[‌888‌,‌888‌] eee ee eeee eeeeeeee eee eee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee.[‌888‌]

‌Meeeee 88‌ Meeeeeeee ee Meeeeeeee ee Meeeeee Meeeeeee ee Meeeeeeeee Meeee Meeeee Meeeeeeee[‌888‌]

Meeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eeee eeee eeeeeee ee eeeee ee eeeeeee eee eeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee ee eeeeee eeeeeeeee. Mee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeee eeeee eeeeeee eeeee eeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee ee e eeeee-eeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeee eeeeee eeeee eeeeeeeee ee eee eeee eeeeeee ee 88% eeeee.[‌888‌] Me eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee eeeeeee eee eeee eeeeeeee eeeee eeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee ee e eeeeeeeee(MMM)–eeeeeeee eeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee ee ee eeeeeeeeeeee/eeeee (8:8) eeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeee ee ee eeeee eeeeee. Meeee eeeee eeeeeeeeee, eeeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee ee 88% eeeee, eeeee eeee 88% ee eeeeeeee eeeeeee.[‌888‌]

Mee eee ee eeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeee eeeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeeee eee eeeeee eeee eeeeeeeeee eee eee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee. Meeeeee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeee eeee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeee-eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eee ee eeee eeeeeeeeee ee eeee eeeeee.[‌888‌]

Meeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeee, ee eeee ee eeeeeeee eeeeeee, eee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee ee eeee eeeeee eeeee eee eeeeee-eee-eeeeeeeee eeeeee eeeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eee eeeee eeeeeee-eeee eeeeeeeeee.[‌888‌] Mee eeeeeee ee eeeeeeee eeeee eeee eee eeeeeeeee eeeeeee eee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeee. Mee eeeeeee eeeee eeeee ee eeeeeee ee eeeeeeeee (8.8:8.8) ee eeeee ee ee eeeee eee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeeee. Meee eeeeee eeeeee eee eeeeeeeee ee eeee-eeeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeee, eeeee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eeeee eeeeeeee eee eee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeee.

Meeeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeee eeeeeee eeee eeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeee ee eeee eeeeee.[‌888‌] Mee eeeeeeee ee eeee eeeeee ee eeee ee eeeeee eeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeee eee eee eeeeee ee eeeeeee, eeeee, ee eeee, ee eeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeee eeeee eeeeeeeeee eeeeee eee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeee eeeeeeeee. Meeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeeeee ee eee eeeeeee eeeee eee eeeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeeee ee eee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee.[‌888‌,‌888‌]

Meeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eeee ee eeeeeeeee eeeeeee eee eee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee. Meee eeeee-eeeeeeeee eeeeeee, eeeee ee eeeeee eeeeeee ee eeeeeee eeeeeeee, eee ee eeeeeeeeeee eeee eee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee. Meeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eee eeeee ee e eeeeee eeeeeeeeee eeeee ee eee eeeeeeee ee e eeeeeeeee eeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee. Me eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eee eeee eeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeee, eeeee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee, eeeeeee, eee eeeee eeeeee eeeeeeee ee 88–88% eeeeee.[‌888‌] Meeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eeee eeeeeeeee eee eee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee ee Meeee eeeee. Mee ee eee eee eeeeeee Meeee eeeee, eee eeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee–eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeee eee eeee eeeeee (88–88%) ee eee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee eee eeeee eeeeee eeeeeeee.[‌888‌]

Mee eeeeeeeee eeeee ee eeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeee-eeeeeeee eeeeee, eeeee eee ee eeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeee-eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee, eee ee eeee ee eeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeee.[‌888‌]

Meeeeeee eeee eeeeeee ee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eeee eeeee (88%).[‌888‌] Mee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeee eeeee eeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeee eeee eeeeeee eeeee eeee ee eeee eeeee ee eeee eeeeeeeee.[‌888‌]

Mee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeee ee eeee(MMM) eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeee eee eeee eeeeeeee. Mee eeeeeeee ee eeee eee eee eeeeee eee eeeeeeeee, eeeeeeeee eeeeeeee, eeeeeee, eee eeeee eeeeee eeeeeeeeee ee 88–88% eeeeee. Mee eeee ee eeeeeeeee eeee eeee eeeeee ee eeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee eee eeeeee eeeeeee. Mee eeeeeeee eeeeeee eee eee eeeeeeeee eeeeeee e eeeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee eeee eeee eeeee eeee eee eeeeeee eeeeee, eeeee eeeeee eeee eee eeee(MMM) ee eeee eeeeeee(M), [Me(M)=M]. Meee eeeeeeeeeee eeee eeeee eeeeeeeee eeeeee ee eeeeeee ee eeee eee eeeeeeeeee ‌88‌ (‌Meeeee 88‌).[‌888‌]

‌Meeeee 88‌ Meeeeeeee eee eee Meeeeeeee ee Meeeeee Meeeeeee ee Meeeeeeeee Meeee Meeeeeee Meee Meeeeeeee ee Meee(MMM) Meeeeeee[‌888‌]

Meeeee(MMM) eeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeee eeee eee eee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee. Meeeeeeeeeeeee (MeM=M) eee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee 8888 eee eee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee;[‌888‌] eeeeeee, eee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeee, ee eeee ee eeeeeeeee ee eeeee ee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeee.

eeee-Meeee eeeeee eeeeeee ee eeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeee ee 88% eeeee eeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeee ee e eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeee, eeee eeeeeeeeee.[‌888‌] Meee eeee eeeeee, ee eeeeeee ee eeeeeeee. Me ee eeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeee e eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeee eeee [eeeeeee(eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee)eeee]eeeeeee (‌Meeeee 88‌).

‌Meeeee 88‌ Meeeeeeee eee eee Meeeeeeee ee Meeeeee Meeeeeee Meeee Meeeeeeeeeeeee Meeeeeeee ee Meeeeeeeeeeeeeee Meee[‌888‌]

Mee (eeeee)eeeeeeee(MMM) eeeeeee ee eeee ee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eee eee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee ‌88‌ ee eeeeeeeeeeeeee, ee eeeeeeeee eeeeee. Mee ee eeee eeeeeeeee ee ee eee(eeeee)eeeeeeee(M) eeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeee eee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee. Mee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee(M) eeeee eeeeeeeee eeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeee (‌Meeeee 88‌).[‌888‌]

‌Meeeee 88‌ Meeeeeeee eee eee Meeeeeeee ee Meeeeee Meeeeeee Meeee Meeeeeeeeeeeee Meeeeeeee ee eee Meeeeeee(MMM)–eeeee Meeeeee[‌888‌]

Meeeeee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee eee eeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee ee eeee eeeeee (88–88%) eeeee eeee eeeeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee ee eeeeee(8,88,88,88-eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee)eeee(MMM) ee -eeeeeeeee(MMM) eeeeeeeee.[‌888‌] Mee eeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeee eeeeee eeee eee eeeeeeeee eee, eeeeeeee eee eeeee ee eeeeeeeee ee eee eeee-eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee eeeee eeee eeee ee eee eeeeeeeee-eeeeeeeee eeeeeee, eeeeeeeeee eee ee eee eeeee eeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee(MMM) eeeeeee.

8-Meeeeeeeeeeeee eeee ee ee eeeeeeeee eeeeeee ee eeeeeeee eee eeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeee eeeeee eeeeeeeeee. Mee eeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeee eeee eeeeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeee eeee ee eee eeeeeeee. Meeeeee eeeee ee eeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeee. Me eee eeeeeeee eeeeee, 8-eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eee eee eeeeeeeee eeeeeee (‌Meeeee 88‌).[‌888‌] Mee eeeeeeeee eeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeee ee eeee eee eeeeeeeeeeee, eeeee ee eeee eeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeee.

‌Meeeee 88‌ Meeeeeeee eee eee Meeeeeeee ee Meeeeee Meeeeeee Meeee 8-Meeeeeeeeeeeee Meee[‌888‌]

Meeee eeeeee(MMM) eeeeeeee eee eeeeeee eeeeeee ee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee ee eeee eeeeee. Mee eeee eeeeeee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeeee ee ‌Meeee 8‌.[‌888‌–‌888‌]

‌Meeee 8‌ Meeeeeeee ee Meeeeee Meeeeeee ee Meeeeeeeee Meeee Meeeee(MMM) Meeeeeee[‌888‌–‌888‌]

Meeeeee	Meeeeeeeee	M8	M8	Meeee (%)	Mee
MeMM	MeMM (eee.), MeMM, ee	Me	Me	88	[‌888‌]
MeM(MMe)MM	MM8Me8, ee	Me	Me	eeeee	[‌888‌]
MeMM	MMMM,e eeeeeee/M8M (888:8)	Me	Me	888	[‌888‌]
MeMM	MMe, M8M	Me	Me	88	[‌888‌]
	MeMM/M8M (8:8)	Me	Me	88e–888e	[‌888‌]
		e-Me	Me	88e–88e

e MMMM = eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee.

e 88°M, eee.

e MM8•MMe8, 88°M, M8.

(Meeeeeeeeeeee)eeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee ee eeeeee eeee ee eee eeeeeee. (Meeeeeeeeeeee)eeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeee eee eeee[(eeeeeeeeeeeee)eeeeeee] eeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeee ee 88% eeeee.[‌888‌] Meeeeee-eeeeeeeee (eeeeeeeeeeeee)eeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee eee eeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeee ee 88–88% eeeeee eeeee eeeeeee-eeee eeeeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee.[‌888‌] Meee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee ee eeee-eeeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeee, eeeee eee eeeeeeeee ee eeeee eeeeeeee eee, eeeeeeeee, eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeee. Me ee eeeeeeeeee eeee eee eeee eeeeeeeee eeee eeee (eeeeeeeeeeeee)eeeeeee, eee ee eee eeeeeee ee eeeeeee, eeeeeee eeee ee. 88% ee eee eeeeeeeeee. Me ee eeeeeeee eeee eee eeeee eee eee eeeeeeeee eeeeee ee eee eeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeee. Meeeeee eeeee eeeee eeeeeeee eeee eeee eeeeeeee, eee ee ee eeeeeeeee eeee eeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeee eee eeee eeeeeee, eeeeeee ee eeee eee eeee eeeeee eeeeeeee eee eee eeeeeeeee ee eeeee eeeeeeeeee.

Meeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee ee eeee eeeeeeee eee eee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee.[‌888‌] Meeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee eeee 8 eeeeeeeeee ee eeee eeeeeee. Mee eeeeee eeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeee ee 88M-eeeeeee eeeeeeeeee.[‌888‌]

Meeeeeeeeeee (MeMM8) eee eee eeeeeeeeeee eee eeee eeeeeeee eee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeee eeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee ee e eeeeeeee eeeeeeee.

8-Meeeeee-8,8-eeeeeeeeeee-8(8M)-eee 8-eeeee (MMM) eeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee ee e eeeeeeee ee eeeee eeeeeeee eeeee, eeeee eeee eee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeee, eee ee eeeeeeeee eeeeee.[‌888‌] Meee eeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee eeee e eeee eeeee ee eeeeeeeeee eeeeee. Mee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeee (‌Meeeee 88‌) eeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee ee eee M=M eeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee, eeee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeee ee eeeeee ee eee eeeeee(M) eeeeee, eeeeeeee ee e eeeeeeeee eeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeee eee eeeeeeeee ‌88‌. Meeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee eeee eee eeeee eeeee ee eee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee.

‌Meeeee 88‌ Meeeeeeee eee eee Meeeeeeee ee Meeeeee Meeeeeee Meeee 8-Meeeeee-8,8-eeeeeeeeeee-8(8M)-eee 8-Meeee (MMM)[‌888‌]

Mee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeeeee 8-eeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeee eee eeee eeeeeeee.[‌888‌] Me eeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee. Meee eeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee eeee eee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeee eeeeee, eeeeee eeeee, eeeeeeee eeeeee, eee eeeeeeee eeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee. Me eeee eeeeeeee eee eeeeeee eeee eeeeeeee e eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeee ee eeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeee eeeeee, eeeeeeee ee e eeeeeeeee eeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeee eee eeeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeee(MMM) eeeeeeee (‌Meeeee 88‌). Mee eeeeeeeee eeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeee ee eeee eee eeeeeee e eeeeee eeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeee, eeee eee eeeeeeeee ee e eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee.

‌Meeeee 88‌ Meeeeeeee eee eee Meeeeeeee ee Meeeeee Meeeeeee Meeee Meeeeeeee 8-Meeeeeeeeeeee[‌888‌]

Meeeeeee eeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee ee ee eeeeeeeee eeeeeee eee eeeeee, eeeee, eee eeee eeeeeeee,[‌888‌] eeeeeeeee ee eeee-eeeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeee eeee eeeeeee ee e eeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeee, eeeeeee eeeeeeeee e eeeeeeeeeee eeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee. Meeeeee, eeee eeeeeee eeee eeeeeeee eeeeee eeeeeee eeeeee ee e eeeeee ee eeee eeeeeee ee eeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee ee eeee eeeeee.[‌888‌]

Mee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee eee eee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeee eee eee ee e eee-eeeee eeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee ee e eeeee-eeeeeeee eeeeeeee, eeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeee.[‌888‌] Mee eeeee-eeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeee eeeeeeeee eeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee, eeeee, ee e eeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeee eeeeee, eeeeee eee eeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee eeee eeee eee eeeeeee eeeee, eeeee eeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eeeeee (‌Meeeee 88‌). Mee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeee ee ee eeeeeeeeeee eeee eee eeeeeee eeeee, eeeee eee eeeeeeee eeee eeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeee ee eeee eeeeeeeeeeee eeee eee eeeeeee eeeee.

‌Meeeee 88‌ Meeeeeeee eee eee Meeeeeeee ee Meeeeee Meeeeeee ee Meeeeeeeee Meeee Meeeee Meeeeeeeeeee eeeee Meeee-Meeeeeee Meeeeeeee[‌888‌]

Meeeeee-eeeeeeeee eeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee eeeee.[‌888‌] Mee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee eeeee eeee eeeeeeeeee eeeee eeee eeeee eeeeeeee eeeee. Meeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eeeee, e eeeeeeeeeee (eeeeeeeeeee, eeeeee, eeeeeee), e eeeeeeeeee (eeeeee eeeeeee eeeeeee, eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee), eee e eeeeeeeeeeee (eeeeee-8-ee, eeeee-8-ee, eeeeee-8-ee). Meee eeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeee ee eeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeee eeeeee eeeee.[‌888‌]

Meeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee ee eeee ee eeeeeeeee eeeeeee ee eeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee, eee eee eeeee ee eee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee eeeeeee ee eeeeee eeee ee eeee 88%.[‌888‌] Mee eeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee eee eeeee eeeeeee ee e eeeeee eeeeeee eee eee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeee eee eeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee ee e eeeeeeeeee eeeeee eeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee, ee 88–88% eeeeee.[‌888‌] Me ee ee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eeeeee, eeeee eee eeeee eeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeee eee eee eeee eeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee. Me eeee eee eee eeee eeeeeeeeeeee eee eee eeee ee eee eeeeeeee, eee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee, eee eee eeee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee.

eeee-Meeee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeee ee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee 88°M. Meee ee e eeeeee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee, eeeee ee eeeeeeeeeee ee eeeee eeeeeeee.[‌888‌] Meeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeee eee eeee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee, eeeeeee, ee eeee-eeeee eeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeee. Meee eeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee eeee e eeeeeee eeeee, eeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeee ee eeeee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee.[‌888‌] Me ee eeeeeeee eeee eeeee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeee eee eeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeee eeee eeeeee eeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee. Meeee eeeee eee eeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee (‌Meeeee 88‌).[‌888‌]

‌Meeeee 88‌ Meeeeeeee eee eee Meeeeeeee ee Meeeeee Meeeeeee ee Meeeeeeeee Meeee Meeee Meeeeeeeeeeee[‌888‌]

Meeeee eeeeeeee ee eeeeee ee eee ee eeeeeeeee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee. Meeeeee, e eeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeee eeeeeeee, e (eeeee)eeeeeeeee(MMM) eeeeeee, eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee e eeeeeee ee eeeeeee, eeeeeeee, eee eeeeeee eeeeeeee eeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee ‌88‌ eeeee eeee eee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeee, ee 88–88% eeeeee (‌Meeeee 88‌). Meee eeeeeeeee eeeeee ee eeeeeeee eee eeeeee eeeeeeee.[‌888‌]

‌Meeeee 88‌ Meeeeeeee ee Meeeeee Meeeeeee ee Meeeeeeeee Meeee Meeeee Meeeeeee, e Meeeeeeee(MMM)–eeeee Meeeeee, eee Meeeeee[‌888‌]

Mee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee eeee eeeeee eeeeeeee eee eeee eeeeeeeeeeee ee e eeeeee ee eeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeee eeeee eeeeeeeee. Me eee eeee eeeeeeeee eeee eee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeee, eeeeeeee, eee eeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee eeee eeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeee(MMM) eeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeee, eeee eee eee ee eeeee eeeeeee.[‌888‌] Meee ee ee eeee eeeeee eee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee, eeee ee eeeeeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeee.

Meeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeeee ee eeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeee eeeeeee ee eeee eeeeeeeeeee ee eeee eeeee (88%), eeee ee eeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eee eeeee eeeeeee. Meee eeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee eeeee eee eeeeeeee eee ee eeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eee eeeee eeeeee eeee eee eeeeeee eeeeee ee eeeeee eeeeeee ee eeeeee eeeeeeeee.[‌888‌] Meeeee eeeeeee ee e eeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee. Meee, eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeee eeeeee eeeee eeee eee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeee eeeee eeeeee eeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee,[‌888‌] eeeeee,[‌888‌] ee eeeeeeee[‌888‌] (‌Meeee 8‌).

‌Meeee 8‌ Meeeeeeee ee Meeeeee Meeeeeee ee Meeeeeeeee Meeee Meeeee Meeeeee ee eee Meeeeeee ee Mee Meee Meeeeeee[‌888‌,‌888‌]

Meeeee eeeeeee ee e eeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeee. Meeeeeeee eeee eeeeee eeeeeee eeeeeee ee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeeee, eeeee eee ee eeeeee eeeeeee ee eeeeeeee. Meeeee eeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee.[‌888‌]

Meeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeee eeee eeee eeee eeeeeeee.[‌888‌] Meee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee ee eeeeee-eeeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eeee eee eeeeeeeeee ‌88‌. Meeeeeeeeeeee, eee eeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeee eee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee. Me eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eeeee eee eeee eeeeeeee eeee eeeeee eeeeeee–eeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeee, eeee eeeee eeeeeeee eee eeeeeeee. Meeeee eee eeeeeee-eeee eeeeeeeeee eee eeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eee eee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeee eeeeeeee (‌Meeee 88‌).

‌Meeee 88‌ Meeeeeeee ee Meeeeee Meeeeeee ee Meeeeeeeee Meeee Meeeee Meeeeee ee eee Meeeeeee ee Meeeeeeee Meeeeeee Meeeeee[‌888‌]

Meeeeee eeeeeeee eeee eeee eeee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeee ee eeeeee eeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeee eeeeeee ee eeeeeeee eeeeee(MM) eeeeeee. Meeee eeeee eeeeeeeeee, ee eeeeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeee ee eeeeeeee.[‌888‌]

Meeeeee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee eee eeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee eeee eeeeee eeeeeee eeeee eeeeee eeeeeeee eeee (MeM8—MMM8M) eeeeeeeee. Meeeeee-eeee eeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee eee eeee eeeeeee ee eeeee ee eeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee (‌Meeee 88‌). Me eee eeeeeee ee eeeeee eeeeeeee eeee, ee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeee-eeee eeeeeeeeee eee eee eeeeeeeee ee eeee eeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee.[‌888‌]

‌Meeee 88‌ Meeeeeeee ee Meeeeee Meeeeeee ee Meeeeeeeee Meeee Meeeee Meeeeee eeeee Meeeee Meeeeeee Meee Meeeeeeee[‌888‌]

Meeeee(MMM) eeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeee/eeeee eeee eeeeeeee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeeee eeeeeeeeee ee 88–88% eeeee; ee eeeeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeee ee eeeeeeee.[‌888‌]

Mee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee ee 88–88% eeeeee eee eeee eeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeee ee ee e eeeeeeee eeeeeee–eee eeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee.[‌888‌,‌888‌]

M-Meeeeeeeeee eeeeee eeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee. Meeeeee, eeeeeee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeee M-eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeee eeeee eeeeeee M—M eeee eeeeeeee. Me eeeee ee eeeeeee eeee e eeeeeeee, M-eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee M-eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee ee eeee ee eee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee, eeee eeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee ‌88‌ ee 88–88% (‌Meeeee 88‌).[‌888‌] Mee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eee eee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee, eeeeeee ee eeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee Mee,[‌888‌] eeeeeeee eee eeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee ee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee, eeeee eeeeee eeee eee eeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeee. Meee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeee ee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeee eeee eee eeeeeeeee ee e eeeeeeeee, ee e eeeeeee eee ee eeee eeeeeeee ee ‌Meeeee 88‌ (eee eeeee).

‌Meeeee 88‌ Meeeeeeee ee Meeeeee Meeeeeee ee Meeeeeeeee Meeee M-Meeeeeeeeeeeeeeee[‌888‌]

Meeeeeeeee-M eee eeeeeeeee-M eeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeee, ee e eeee-eeeeeeeeeee eeee, eeee eeeeee- eee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeee eee-eeee eeeeeeeeeeeee (M88MMe+MeMM− eee M88MMe+MeMM−) eeeeeeeeeeee, eeee eeeee eeeeeeeeee eee eeeeee ee e eeee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeee ee eeeee ee eee eeeeeeeee eeeeee. Meee eeeeeeee eee eeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee.[‌888‌–‌888‌]

Mee eeeeee eeeee ee M-eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee (eeeeeeeeee-M)[‌888‌] eee M-eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee (eeeeeeeee-M)[‌888‌] eeeee eeee eeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeee eeeeee(MMMM) eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeee eeeee ee eeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee. Me eeee eeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eee eeeee: eeeeeee > eeeeeeee > eeeeeeeeeee > eeeeeee > ee-eeee-eeeee.

8,8-Meeeeee-8-eeeeeeeeeeeee-8-eee ee eeeeee eeee eeeeeeee eeeee eeeeee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeee ee 88–88% eeeee, eeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee.[‌888‌]

8,8,8,8-Meeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeee eeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeeee ee eeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeee eeeee. Meeeee eeeeeee ee eeeee ee eee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeee.[‌888‌]

Meeeeeeeeeee Meeeeeeee

Meeeeee Meeeeeeeee ‌88‌; Meeeeee Meeeeeeee ee Meeeeeeee eeee Meeeeee:[‌888‌]

MMMMMMM: Meeeeee ee e eeeeee eeeeeeee ee eee eeee, eeeeee eeeeeeeee, eeeee, eee eeee. Meeeee eeeeeee eeeeee eeeeee eee eeeeeee eeeee ee eeeeeee eeee eeee eee eeee.

M eeeee-eeeeeeee eeeee eee eeeeeee eeee MM8Me8 (88 eM), eee eeeeeee eeeeeee (88 eeee), eee 88% ee MMMM8 (88 eM). Mee eeeee eee eeeeeeee ee e eeeee eeee eee e eeee ee Me8 (88 eeee) eee eeeee eeeeee ee eee eeee-eeeeeee eeeeeee. Mee Me8 eeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee. Meeee e eeeee eeee, e MMM eeee [eeeeee eee, eeeeeee (MMMMMMM: eeeeeeeeee)/MeMM 8:8] eeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeee. Mee eeeeeee eeeee eee eeee eeeeeeeee eee eee eeeeeee eeee eee eeeeeeeee eeee MeMe eee eeeeeeeee eeee MMMe8 (8 × 88 eM). Mee eeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeee eeee eeeeeeeee eee eeeee (MeMM8). Meeee eeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeee, eeeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeee; eeeee: 88–888%.

Meeeeee Meeeeeeee (‌88‌); Meeeeee Meeeeeeee Meeee Meeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee–Meeeeee ee Meeeeeeeee/Meeee:[‌888‌]

M eeeeeee ee eeeeeee eeeeeee (‌88‌; 8.88 e, 8 eeee) eee MMMMM (8.88 e, 8.8 eeee, 8.8 eeee eeeeee Me8) ee MMMe8 (8 eM) eee M8M (8 eM) eee eeeeeee ee ee eee <8 eee. Meeee eee eeeeeeee eee eeeeeeee (MMM), eeeeee MMMMM eee eeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee. Me eee eeeeeeee eee eeeee 8% ee Me8M8M8 (8 eM), eee eeeeeee eeeee eee eeeeeeeee, eee eeeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeee eee eeeeeeeee eeee MMMe8 (8 × 88 eM), eee eee eeeeeeee eeee eeeee ee eee eeeeeee eeeee. Mee eeeeeee eee eeee eeeee (MeMM8) eee eeeeeeeeeeee ee eeee e eeeee eeeeeee. Meeeeeeeeeeeeee (ee MeMM) eeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeee; eeeee: 8.88 e (88%); ee 88–88°M.

Meeeeee Meeeeeeee (‌88‌); Meeeeee Meeeeeeee Meeee Meeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee–Meeeeee ee Mee Meeeee Mee:[‌888‌]

Me e 888-eM eeeeee, MMMMM/eeeeee eee (8.88 e, 8 eeee eeeeee Me8) eee eeeee eeee M8M (8.8 eM) eee eeeeeee eeeeeee (‌88‌; 8.88 e, 8 eeee) ee ee. Me eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee, eeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeee eeeee ee eee eeeeeee; eeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeee ee MMM (MeMMe/eeeeee 8:8). Mee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeeee eeee MM8Me8 (8 × 88 eM) eee eee eeee eee eeeeee eeeeeee e eeeee eee ee eeeeeee eee eeee eeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeee eee eeeeeee; eeeee: 8.88 e (88%).

Meeeeee Meeeeeeee (‌88‌); Meeeeee Meeeeeeee Meeee Meeeeee ee Meeeeeee Meeeee Mee:[‌888‌]

MMMMMMM: Meeeeee ee e eeeeee eeeeeeee ee eee eeee, eeeeee eeeeeeeee, eeeee, eee eeee. Meeeee eeeeeee eeeeee eeeeee eee eeeeeee eeeee ee eeeeeee eeee eeee eee eeee.

Mee eeeeee eee (8 e) eee eeeeee ee e 888-eM eeeee-eeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeeeeee e eeeeeeee eeeeeee eee eee e eeeeeee eeeeee eeeeee eeeeee. M8M (8.8 e) eee eeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeee eee. Meeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eee M8M, eeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeee eeeee e eeee-eeeeeee eeeeee eee eeeeeeee (8 eee). MM8Me8 (88 eM) eee eeee eeeee ee eee eeeee. M eeee ee Me8M (888 ee, 8.88 eeee) ee MM8Me8 (8 eM) eee eeeee ee eee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee. M eeee ee Me8 (8.88 eM, 8.88 eeee) ee MM8Me8 (8 eM) eee eeeee eeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeee eeee e eeeeeee. Mee Me8 eeeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee. Mee eeeeeee eee eeeeeee ee ee eee 88 eee. Meeeee eeee eeeeee, eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeee ee eee Me8M eee eeeeeeeee ee MMM (MeMMe/eeeeee 8:8, e-eeeeeeeeeeee–M8MM8). Mee eeeeeee eee eeee eeeeeeee eeeeeee e eeeeeeee eeeee eeeeee, eee eeeee eeeeeee eee eeeeee eeee MM8Me8 (88 eM), eee eee eeeeeeee eeee eeeee ee eee eeeeeeee. Meeeeee ee eee eeeeeee eeee eee MM8Me8 eeee eeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee e eeeee, eeeeeeeee eee. Meeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee (MeMMe/eeeeee 8:8) ee eee eeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeee ee e eeeee, eeeeeeeee eee; eeeee: 888 ee (eeeee).

Meeeeee Meeeeeeeee ‌88‌; Meeeeee Meeeeeeee ee Meeeeeeee eeee Meeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee Meeeeeeeee:[‌888‌]

Meeeee M: Me e eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee eee eee-eeeeee eeee ee eee eeeeeee eeeeeee (888 eeee) ee M8M/eeeeeeee (8:8; 88–888 eM), Me8MeM+Me8− (888 eeee) eee eeeee ee eeeeeeee ee eeee eee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee 8 eee 88°M. Meee eee eeeeeeee eee eeeeeeee, eee eeeeeee eee eeeeeee ee ee. Mee eeeeeeeee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeee ee 88% ee MeMMM8 (8 eM). Mee eeeee (888–888 e) eee eeeee eee eee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeeee eeee 8 M M8MM8 (88–888 eM). Mee eeeee eeeeeeeeeee eeee eeeeee eee eeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee, eeeeee eeee M8M, eeeee, eee eeeeeeeeeeeeee. Meeeeeeeeeeee, eee eeeeee (M8M) eee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeee eeee MMMe8 (88 × 88 eM) eee eeeee (MeMM8). Mee eeeeeee eee eeeeeee eee eee eeeee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee; eeeee: 88–88%.

Meeeee M: M eeee ee eee eeeeeee (88 eeee) ee e eeeeeee ee eeeeeeee (88 eM) eee M8M (8 eM) eee eeeeeee eeee Me8MeM+Me8− (88.8 eeee) ee eeeeeeeee eeeee. Mee eeeeeee eee eeee eeeeee eeee eee-eeee 8 M M8MM8 (888 eM) eee eee eeeeeeeeeee eeee eeeeee eee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee, eeeeee eeee eeee M8M, eee eeeee; eeeee: 88%.

α-Meeeeeeeee Meeeeeeeee ‌88‌; Meeeeee Meeeeeeee:[‌888‌]

M eeee ee MeMM8 (8.888 eee) ee M8M (88 eM) eee eeeee eeeeeeee ee e eeee-eeeeeee eee eeeeee (–8 ee 8°M) eeee ee eee eeeeeee (8.88 eee) ee eeeeeee (88 eM) eee M8M (88 eM) eeee 88 eee. Meeee eee eeeeeee eee eeeeeee eee e eeeeeee 8 e ee 8°M, eee eeeeeeeeeeee MeMM8 eee eeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee eee eee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeee. M eeeeee eeeeeee ee MeMM8 eee eeeeeeee eeee eee eeeeeee eee eeeeee eeee eeeeeee (88 eM). Mee eeeee eeeee ee MeMM8 eeeeeeee eeeeee eeeeeee 88 eee 888%. Mee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeee eee eee eeeeeee eee eeeee (M8M8) ee eeeeee eee eeeee eeeeeeeee; eeeee: 88–88%.

Meeeeee Meeeeeeeee ‌88‌; Meeeeee Meeeeeeee ee Meeeeeeee Meeee Meeeeeeee Meee(MMM) Meeeeeee:[‌888‌]

MeMe8 (8.88 eeee) eee eee eeeeeee (8 eeee) eeee eeeeeeeee ee MeMM (8 eM) eee eee eeeeeee eee eeeeeee eee 8 eee. Me eeee eeee eee eeeee M8MM8 (8.8 eeee) eee ee eeee. Mee eeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeee ee MMM ee eeeeeee eeeeeeeee. Mee eeeeeeee eee eeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee ee eee. ee Me8M8M8 eee eeeeeeeee eeee MM8Me8 (8 × 8 eM). Mee eeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeee eeee eeeee (Me8MM8) eee eeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeee eeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeee. Mee eeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeee ee eeeee eeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee (eeeeee eee); eeeee: 88–88%.

Meeeeee Meeeeeeeee ‌88‌ ; Meeeeee Meeeeeeeeee Meeeeeeee Meeee e Meeeeeee–eeeee Meeeeeee:[‌888‌]

Me(eeeee) (8.8 eeee) eee eee eeeeeee eeeeeee (8 eeee) eeee eeeeeeeee ee MM8Me8 (8 eM) eee eee eeee eee eeeeeee eee 8 eee. Me eeee eeee eee eeeee MeMM (8.8 eeee) eee ee eeee. Mee eeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeee ee MMM ee eeeeeee eeeeeeeee. Meeee eeeeeee ee eee eeeeeee, eee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeee ee eeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee (eeeeee eee, MeMMe) ee eeeeee eee eeeeeeeee; eeeee: 88–88%.

Meeeeee Meeeeeeeee ‌88‌; Meeeeee Meeeeeeee ee Meeeeeeee Meeee MMM:[‌888‌]

Me e eeeeeee eeeeeeeeee ee MMM (8.8 eeeee) ee MMMe8/M8M (888:8) eee eeeee Me8MMe (8 eee%), eeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeee eeeeeee (8.8 eeeee) ee eee eeeeeee. Mee eeeeeee eee eeeeeee ee ee eee 88 eee eeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee eee eeeeeeee (MMM). Mee eeeeeeee eeeeee eeee eeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee eee eeeeee eeeeeeeeee eeee MMMe8. Mee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee eee eeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee eeee 88% MeMMM8 eeee (8 × 88 eM), eee. MeMMM8 eeee (8 × 88 eM), M8M (8 × 88 eM), eee eeeee (8 × 88 eM). Mee eeeeeee eeeee eee eeeee (Me8MM8) eee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeee. Meeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee (eeeeee eee, MeMMe/eeeeee 8:8) eeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeee.

Meeeeee Meeeeeeeee ‌88‌; Meeeeee Meeeeeeee ee Meeeeeeee eeee Meeeee Meeeeeee Meeee e Meeeeeeee(MM)–eeeee Meeeeeee:[‌888‌]

Me e 88-eM eeeee-eeeeeeee eeeee eee eeeeee eee eeeeeee eeeeeee (8.8 eeee), eee (eeeee)eeeeeeeee(MMM) eeeeeee (8.888 eeee) eeeeeeeee ee MM8Me8 (8 eM), eee eeeeeee (8.8 e). Me eeee eee eeeee eeeeee eeeeeeeeee MeMeM8 (8.8 eeee) eee eee eeeee eee eeeeeee eeeeee eeee e eeeee eeeeeee. Mee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee ee ee. Meee eee eeeee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeee eeee e eeeeeeee eeeee eeeeee eeeeee eee eee eeeeeeeee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeee eeeeee eeee eeeeeeee ee MM8Me8 (eeeee ee. 88 eM). Mee eeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeee ee e eeeeee eeeeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeeee eee eeeeeeeee, eeeeeeeeeee ee e eeeeeeee eeeeeee eee e eeeee eeeeee ee eeeeeee. Meeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee (eeeeee eee, MeMMe/eeeeee 8:8) eeeeeeee eee eeee eeeeeeeee; eeeee: 88–88%.

Meeeeee Meeeeeeee [‌88‌, M8 = (MM8)8Me]; Meeeeee Meeeeeeee:[‌888‌]

Meeeeee eeeeeee (8.88 e, 8 eeee) eee eeeee ee e eeeeeee ee MeMeM8 (8.88 e, 8 eeee) eee Me(MMM8)8 (8.88 e, 8.88 eeee) ee eeeeee (88 eM) eee eeeeeee ee ee eee 8.8 e. Mee eeeeeeeee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeee eee eeeeee eeee MM8Me8 (88 eM). Mee eeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeee eeee eeeeee eeee eee. ee MeMMM8 (8 eM), eeeee (MeMM8), eee eeeeeeee. Meeeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeee ee e eeeeeeeee eeeee, eeeee eee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee (MeMM); eeeee: 8.88 e (88%); ee 88–88°M.

Meeeeee Meeeeeeeee ‌88‌; Meeeeee Meeeeeeee ee Meeeeeeee eeee M-Meeeeeeeeeeeeeeee:[‌888‌]

Me e eeeeeee ee eee eeeeeee (8.8 eee) ee eeeee MeMM (88 eM) eeeeeeeee ee e eeeee-eeeeee eeeee eeeeee eeee e eeeeeeeeeee, eeeeeeee eeeeeee, eee eeeeeeeee eeeeeee eeee e Meeeeeee eeeeee eeee, eee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee ee ee eee–eeeee eeee ee 8–8°M, eee eeeee MMM (8.8 eee) ee eeeeeeee ee ee. 8 e. Mee eeeeeeee eeee eee eeeeeeeeee eeee eeee eee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eee eee eeeeee 88°M. Mee eeeeeeee eee eeee eeeee, eeee eee MMM eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeee, eee e eeeeee eeeeee eeeee eeeeee eeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeee eeeeeee. Meeee 8 e ee eeeee 88°M, eee eeeeeee eee eeeeee ee ee. Mee MeMM eee eeeeeee ee e eeeeee eeeeeeeeee ee eeee e eeeeee–eeeee eeeeeee, eeeee eee eeeeeeeee eeee Me8M ee eeeeee eee eeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeee eeee eee eeeeeeeeeee ee e eeeee eeeeee. Meeeeeeeeee ee eee Me8M eeee e eeeeee eeeeeee, eeeee eee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeee eeeeeeee. Mee eeeee eeeeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeee ee MM8Me8 (888 eM) eee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeee eeee M8M. Meeee eee eeee eee eeeee eee eee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeee, eee eeeeee eeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee; eeeee: 88–88%.

References

Meeeeee Meeeeeeeeee

• 8.Meeeee-Meee, (8888) M 88-8, 888.
• 8.Meeeee-Meee, (8888) M 8e, 8888.
• 8.Meeeee-Meee, (8888) M 88e, 8888.
• 8.Meeeee-Meee, (8888) M 88e8, 88.