Science of Synthesis

Kaminsky, W., Science of Synthesis, (2009) 48, 699.

In the first reaction of its kind,[‌3‌,‌29‌] Ziegler brought about the polymerization of ethene using a combination of two reagents to form a catalyst: on their own, titanium(IV) chloride and triethylaluminum are soluble in hydrocarbon solvents, but, combined together they form a dark colored, unstable complex, which is insoluble in hydrocarbons (‌Scheme 3‌). This complex is sensitive to a range of factors, including the aluminum/titanium ratio, temperature, timing of reagent addition, and absolute and relative concentrations of reagents.[‌30‌]

‌Meeeee 8‌ Meeeeeeeeeeeee ee Meeeee Meeee e Meeee-Meeeeeeeee Meeeeee–Meeee Meeeeeee[‌8‌]

Meeeeee–Meeee eeeeeeeee eeee ee eeeeeeee eee eeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeee, ee eeee eee eeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeee, eeeeeeee, eee e eeee ee eeeee eeeeeeeee. Mee eeeeeeee eee eeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeee eeee ee eeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeeee ee eeeeee eeeeeeee, eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee. Meeeeee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee, ee eeeee eee ee eeee ee eeeeeeee. Mee eeeeeeee ee eeeee eeeeeeee, eeee ee 8,8-eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee, eee e eeeeeeeeeee eeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee. Meeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee [e.e., eeeeeee, eeeeeee (eeee-8,8-eeeee), eee eeeeeeeeee eeeeee] eeee eeeeee eeeeeeeee eeee eee eeeeeeee, eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee.

Mee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee Meeeeee eee eeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eee eeeee ee eeeee-eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee, eee eee eeeeeeee(MM) eeeeeeee–eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee. Meeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeee, eeeee eeeeeeeee eeee ee ee eeeeee eee ee eee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeee, eee eee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeee ee eeeeeeee; eeeee eee eeeeeeeee eee eeee-eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eeee eeee eee eee ee eee eeeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeeee. Meee eeeeee eee eee eeee eee eeeeeeeeeee ee eeee eeeeee eeeeeeeee, eeeee ee eeeeee-eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee, eeeee eee ee eeeeeeeee ee eeee eeeee eeeeeeeeee eeee eeee eee eeeeee ee eee eeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeee.[‌88‌] Mee eeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeee-eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeee: eee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee, eeeee eeeeeeeee eeee ee eeeeeeeeee, eeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeee; eeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee eee eeeeeee; eee eee eeeeeee, eeeeeeeeee eeee eeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeee, eee ee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee eeeeee.

Mee eeeeee-eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeee(MMM) eeeeeeee–eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee. Meeee eee eeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeee ee eeeeeeee(MMM) eeeeeeee, eeeee ee eee α-, β-, γ-, eee δ-eeeee.[‌88‌] Meeee eeeeeeeeeee eee ee e eeeeee 8:8 eeeee ee eeeeeeee/eeeeeeee eeeee, ee eeeeeeee eeee eeeeeee eeee eeee, eeeeeeeee ee eee eeee eee eeeeee. Mee α-eeeeeeee ee eeeeee ee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee(MM) eeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeee ee eeee eeeeeeeeeee (888–888°M) ee eeee eeeeeeee eeeeee ee eeeee eeeeeeeeeeee (eeeee 888°M); ee eeee eeee, eeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeee, eeeeeee ee eeeee.[‌88‌] Mee eeee eeeeee γ- eee δ-eeeee eee eeeeee ee eeeeeee α-eeeeeeee(MMM) eeeeeeee ee 888 ee 888°M.

M eeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee eee eee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee: eeeeeee 8.888 e·ee−8, eeee eeeeeee 8.88 e·ee−8, eeeeeeee eeeeeee eeee (MMM) 88 e8·e−8, eeeeeeee eeee 88–888 μe, eee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee ee 888 M eeeeee/eee eeeeeeee·e.[‌88‌] Meeeeeeeeee eeeeee eeeee eeeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeee eeee 88888–8888888, eeeeeee eeeee 888°M, eee eee ee eeee eeeeee ee eeeee eeeeeeee eee 8888 eeeeee eeeee ee eee eeeee. Mee eeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeee eeeee eeee eeee eee eeeeeee eeeee.

β-Meeeeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeee eeee e eeeeee eeee ee eee eee. Me eeeee eeeeeee ee eeeeeeee (88–888 eMe) eee eeee ee eeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeee eeee, eee eeeeeee eeeeee eeeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeeee, eeee-eeeee eeeeeee. Meee ee eeeee ee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee.

Meeeeeeeeeee Meeeeeeee

Meeeeeeeee (‌8‌) Meeee e Meeeeee Meeeeeee; Meeeeee Meeeeeeee:[‌8‌]

Meeeeeeeeeeeeee eeee eeeeeee eee ee e 8-M eeeee eeeee eeeeeeee eeee e eeee-eeeee eeeeeee, e eeeeeeeee, e eeeeeeeeeee, eee ee eeeeee eeeee eeee. Mee eeeee eee eeeeeee eeee eee eeeeee eee (8 M). MeMe8 (8.8 e, 88 eeee) eee Me8Me (88 e, 888 eeee) eeee eeeee ee eee eeeee eeeee M8, eeeeeeeee e eeee eeeee eeeeeeeeee. (Mee eeeeeeee Me8MeMe, Me8Me8Me8, ee eMe8Me eee ee eeee eeeeeee ee Me8Me.) Mee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeee ee ee (88°M) ee e eeeeeeeeee ee eeeeee (888 eMe, 888 M·e−8). Meeee eee eeeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeee 88°M, eee eeeee eee eeeeee ee e eeee ee eeeeeeeeee eee eeee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee. Meeee 8.8 e, eee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeee ee eeeeeeee ee MeMM (888 eM). Mee eeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeee eee eee eeeee eeeeeeee eee eeeeee, eeeee eeee MeMM eee eeee eeee MMe eeee, ee eeeeee eeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee. Meee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee ee e eeeee eeeeee; eeeee: 888 e; eeeeeeeee eeee ee. 888888; eee eeeeeee <8.88%.

References

Meeeeee Meeeeeeeeee

• 8.Meeeee-Meee, (8888) 88/8, 888.
• 8.Meeeee-Meee, (8888) 88/8e, 88.
• 8.Meeeee-Meee, (8888) 88/8e, 88.