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4.3.15.1.17 Metal Bismuthides

DOI: 10.1055/sos-SD-104-00490

Gagnon, A.; Benoit, E.; Le Roch, A.Science of Synthesis Knowledge Updates, (2018465.

Metal bismuthides are species of general formula R12BiM where an anionic R12Bi bismuth species is present with R1 being an alkyl or aryl group and M is an alkali metal. Metal bismuthides R12BiM (M = Li, Na, K) are most frequently prepared by reacting diorganobismuth halides R12BiX with metallic lithium, sodium, or potassium in liquid ammonia. Reaction with alkaline earth metals such as calcium and barium leads to species with the formula (R12Bi)2M (M = Ca, Ba).[‌299‌] Diorganobismuthides (R12BiM) are thermally unstable and decompose to give triorganobismuthines (R3Bi) and elemental bismuth. At low temperatures, diorganobismuthides (R12BiM) are sufficiently stable to react with alkyl halides (R2X) to give unsymmetrical triorganobismuthines (R12BiR2).

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