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18.8.22.6.1.5 Method 5: From Amino Acid Esters and Isocyanates

DOI: 10.1055/sos-SD-118-00076

Kubik, S.Science of Synthesis Knowledge Updates, (20133272.

Reaction of α-amino acid esters with isocyanates is closely related to the Read reaction as illustrated in Scheme 87. Cyclization in this reaction proceeds spontaneously, however, and hydantoins that contain an additional substituent at the 3-position are obtained. This method has been used frequently for the preparation of hydantoins.[‌236‌‌240‌] In addition, modifications have been developed involving the intramolecular reaction between a carbonyl group and a urea moiety to give rise to a 5-hydroxyhydantoin,[‌241‌] the cyclization of N-terminal amino acids in peptides to produce 2-iminohydantoins,[‌242‌] or the replacement of the ester group by a nitrile group.[‌243‌]

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