Science of Synthesis

Rawat, V. K.; Mita, T., Science of Synthesis Knowledge Updates, early view.

Among the alkyl halides R1X (X = F, Cl, Br, and I), the reactions of the relatively stable alkyl chlorides with carbon dioxide are summarized in ‌Table 1‌. Various electrochemical and thermal catalytic methods have been reported, with the latter primarily involving nickel catalysts.

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Mee eeeeeeeee–8-(eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee)-8′,8′-eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee (MMeee) eeeeeeee eeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eeee eeeeee eeeeeee (eeeee 8),[‌8‌] eeeeeee e eeeeee eeeeeee eeee 8,8,8,8-eeeeeeeeeee-8,88-eeeeeeeeeeeeee (‌8‌) ee e eeeeee eeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeeeee (eeeee 8).[‌8‌] Meeee eeeee ee eeeeeeee eee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeee eeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee (eeeeeee 8–8).[‌8‌–‌8‌] Meeeee-eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeee–eeeee eeeeeee ‌8‌ eee ee eeee ee e eeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeee eeeeee eeeeeee (eeeee 8).[‌8‌] Mee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eeeee e eeeeee eeeeeeee eeee eee eeeeee eeeeeeeee eeeeee ‌8‌ eee eeee e eeeee eeeeeeeeeee ee eeee eeeee (eeeee 88).[‌88‌]

‌Meeee 8‌ Meeeeeeeeeeee ee Meeee Meeeeeeee[‌8‌–‌88‌]

Meeee	Meeeeeeee	Meeeeeeeee	Meeeeee	Meeee (%)	Mee
8		‌8‌ (8 eee%), Me eeeee/Me eeeeeee, MeMeM8, −8.8 M ee Me/Me+, MM8 (8 eee), MMM/MMMM		88	[‌8‌]
8		MeMe8•eeeee (88 eee%), eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee•MMM8 (88 eee%), MeMe8, Me, MM8 (8 eee), MMM, ee, eeeeeeeee		88	[‌8‌]
8		‌8‌ (88 eee%), Me eeeee/eeeeee-eeeeee eeeeeee, −8.88 M, 8 M/eee, Me8MM, MM8 (8 eee), MMM, 88 °M		88e	[‌8‌]
8		Me(MMe)8 (8.8 eee%), MMeee (8 eee%), MeMe8, Me, MM8 (8 eee), MMM, 8 °M, 88 e		88	[‌8‌]
8		MeMe8•eeeee (88 eee%), ‌8‌ (88 eee%), Me, MMMM, MM8 (8 eee), MMM, 88 °M, 88 e		88	[‌8‌]
8		eeeeeeeee-eeeee eeeee/Me eeeeeee, MMMM, MMMMe, MM8 (eee eee), MeMM, ee, 8 e		88	[‌8‌]
8		Me eeeee/‌8‌@Me eeeeeee, Me8MM, 8 M/eee, MM8 (8 eee), MeMM, 8 °M		88	[‌8‌]
8		Me(MMe)8 (88 eee%), Me8M (88 eee%), Me eeeee/Me eeeeeee, Me8MMM8, MM8 (8 eee), MMM, ee, 8 e		88e	[‌8‌]
8		Me eeeee/Me eeeeeee, MeMe8(eeee), Me8MM, 8 M/eee, MM8 (8 eee), MMM, 8 °M		88	[‌8‌]
88		MeMe8(MMe8)8 (8 eee%), ‌8‌ (8 eee%), Me, MM8 (8 eee), MMM, 8-eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee, MeMM, −88 °M, 88 e		88e	[‌88‌]

e 88% ee.

e 8:8 eeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeee.

e 88% ee.

Meeeeeeeeeee Meeeeeeee

8-[8-(eeee-Meeee)eeeeee]eeeeee Meee (‌Meeee 8‌, Meeee 8):[‌8‌]

Me eeee-eeeee Meeeeee eeee eeeeeeee eeee e eeeeeee eee eee eeeeeee eeee MeMe8•eeeee (8.88 eeee, 88 eee%), eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee•MMM8 (8.8 eeee, 88 eee%), MeMe8 (8 eeee, 8 eeeee), eee Me eeee (8.8 eeee, 8 eeeee). Mee Meeeeee eeee eee eeee eeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeee eeeee MM8 eeee. M 8.8 M eeee ee 8-eeee-eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee (88 μM, 8.8 eeee, 8 eeeee) ee eeeee MMM (8 eM) eee eeeee eeeee MM8 eeee. Mee Meeeeee eeee eee eeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee MM8 (8 eee) eee eee eeeeeee eee eeeeeee eeeeeeeee, eeee eeeeeeee eeee 8 M ee MMe ee eeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee, eeeee eee eeeeeeeee eeee MeMMe (8 ×). Mee eeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeee eeee eeeee (MeMM8), eeeeeeee, eee eeeeeeeeeeee. Mee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeee ee eeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee (eeeeeee/MeMMe 8:8 eeee 8:8) ee eeeeee eee eeeeeee ee e eeeee eeeee; eeeee: 88 ee (88%).

8-(8-Meeeeeeeeeeee)eeeeeeeee Meee (‌Meeee 8‌, Meeee 8):[‌8‌]

Me eeee-eeeee Meeeeee eeee eeeeeeee eeee e eeeeeee eee eee eeeeeee eeee Me eeeeee (8.8 eeee, 8 eeeee), MMMM (8.8 eeee, 8 eeeee), eee 8,8,8,8-eeeeeeeeeee-8,88-eeeeeeeeeeeeee (‌8‌, 8.888 eeee, 88 eee%). Mee Meeeeee eeee eee eeeeee ee e eeeeeeee eee eeeeeee eeee MeMe8•eeeee (8.88 eeee, 88 eee%). Mee eeee eee eeeee eee ee eee eeeeeeee, eeeeeeeee ee e eeeeee eeee, eee eeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeee eeeee MM8 eeee ee eeeee eeeee eeeee. 8-(8-Meeeeeeeeee)-8-eeeeeeeeeeeeee (88 ee, 8.8 eeee) eee MMM (8.8 eM) eeee eeeee eeeee MM8 eeee. Mee Meeeeee eeee eee eeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee MM8 (8 eee) eee eee eeeeeee eee eeeeeee ee 88 °M eee 88 e, eeee eeeeeeee eeee 8 M ee MMe ee eeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee, eeeee eee eeeeeeeee eeee MeMMe (8 ×). Mee eeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeee eeee eeeee (MeMM8), eeeeeeee, eee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeee. Mee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeee ee eeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee (eeeeee eee, eeeeeee/MeMMe 88:8 eeee 8:8) ee eeeeee eee eeeeeee ee e eeeee; eeeee: 88 ee (88%).

References