Science of Synthesis

Watson, I. D. G.; Toste, F. D., Science of Synthesis: Stereoselective Synthesis, (2011) 3, 267.

The air and moisture stability of phosphine–gold(I) complexes makes them particularly appealing transition-metal catalysts for synthesis. However, it is the propensity of gold(I) to activate alkynes, coupled with its ability to stabilize carbocation intermediates, that makes it an especially useful catalyst in cycloisomerization reactions.[‌61‌] Distinctive carbocyclic products are produced by the reaction of unsaturated substrates with these catalysts.[‌59‌,‌60‌,‌62‌] Unlike the Alder-ene type rearrangements observed with palladium and rhodium, gold catalysts promote skeletal rearrangement of 1,6-enynes to give 1,3-diene products in good yield (‌Scheme 23‌).

‌Meeeee 88‌ Meee(M)-Meeeeeeee Meeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee 8,8-Meeeee[‌88‌]

Mee eeeeeeee eeee(M)-eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee 8,8-eeeeee ee [8.8.8]eeeeeeee eeeeeeee eee eeeee eeeeeeee ee 8888 (‌Meeee 8‌, eeeeeee 8 eee 8),[‌88‌,‌88‌] eeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee (eeeee 8) eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee (eeeee 8) ee 8,8-eeeeee ee eeee-eeeeeeee eeeeeeee.[‌88‌] Me eeeeeeee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee, eeeeee eee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee-eeeeeee eeeeeeee eee ee eeeeeeee eee eeeee eeeeeeeeee. Meeee(eeeeeeeee)eeeee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeee ee eee-eeeeeeee eeeeeeee (eeeee 8).[‌88‌]

‌Meeee 8‌ Meee(M)-Meeeeeeee Meeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee 8,8- eee 8,8-Meeeee[‌88‌–‌88‌]

Meeee	Meeeeeeee	Meeeeeee	Meeeeee	Meeeeee	Meeee (%)	Mee
8		MeMe(MMe8), MeMeM8	MM8Me8		88	[‌88‌]
8		MeMe(MMe8), MeMeM8	MM8Me8		88e	[‌88‌]
8		MeMe(MMe8), MeMeM8	MM8Me8		88	[‌88‌]
8		MeMe(MMe8), MMM8	MeMM		88	[‌88‌]
8		MeMe(MMe8), MeMeM8	MM8Me8		88e	[‌88‌]

e ee >88:8.

e Mee 8,8-eeeee eeeeeee (8%) eee eeee eeeeeeee.

Mee eeeeeeeee eee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee 8,8-eeeeee ee eeeeeee ee eeeeeee ee η8-eeeeeeeeeeee eee eeeee ee eee eeeeee (‌Meeeee 88‌). Meeeee ee eee eeeeee eee eeeee ee eeeeee e 8-eee-eee ee e 8-eeee-eee eeeeee ee eeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeeee ‌88‌ eee ‌88‌, eeeeeeeeeeee. Meee eeeeeeeeeeee ‌88‌, eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeee eee eeee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeee eeeeee (‌Meeee 8‌, eeeee 8). Meeeeeeeeeeee, eee eeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeee eeee ee eeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeeeeee ‌88‌ eeeee eee eeeeeeee ee eeeeee- ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee. Meeeeeee eeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeeeeee ‌88‌ eeee eeee eeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeee eeeee M = M ee MMe. Me eeeee eeeee, β-eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeee[8.8.8]eeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee. Meeee eeeeeeee eee eeeeeeee eeee eee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee, eeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeee ee eee eeeeee eee eee eeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeee (eee Meeeeeee ‌8.8.8.8‌ eee ‌8.8.8.8‌).

‌Meeeee 88‌ Meeeeeee Meeeeeeee ee Meee(M)-Meeeeeeee Meeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee

Meeeee eeeeeeeeeeee–eeee(M) eeeeeeeee, eeeee eee eeeeeeeee/eeee eeeeeeeeeeeee ee 8:8, eeee eeee eeeeeeee ee e eeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee. Meeee eeeeeeeee eeee e eee-eeeeeeeeee, eeeeee eeeeeeee, eeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee eeee eeee eeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeee ee eeeee eeeeeeeee.[‌88‌]

Me eeeeeeeeee eeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee 8,8-eeeeee ee eeee eeeeeeeeeee eeee ee ‌88‌ eee eeee eeeeeeeee ee Meeeeeeeee eee ee-eeeeeee (‌Meeeee 88‌).[‌88‌] M eeeeeee ee eeee eeeeeeeee eeee eeee eeeeeeee, eeee e eeee(M) eeeeeee eeee eeeeee (M)-‌88‌ [(M)-Mee-MMMMM] eeeeeeeee eee eeee eeeeeeeeeee. Meeee eee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee, eeeee ‌88‌ ee eeeeeeeee eeee eee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee ‌88‌ eeee 88% eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeee. Meeeeeeeeeeee, eee eeeee eeee eeeeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeee eeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee (≤88% ee).

‌Meeeee 88‌ Meeeeeeeee Meee(M)-Meeeeeeee Meeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee 8,8-Meeeee[‌88‌]

Me e eeeeeee eeeeeee ee eeee eeeeeeee, Meeêe eee ee-eeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee(MM)-eeeeeeeee eeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee.[‌88‌,‌88‌] Meeeeeee ee eee eeee(M)-eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee, eeeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeee eeee e eeeeee ee eeee. Mee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeee ee eeeee-eeeeee eeeee ee 88 °M eeeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeee(MM) eeeeeeee eeee eeeeee (M)-‌88‌ [(M)-Me-MMMMMMMM] ee e eeeeeee ee eeeeeee eeee eeeeee eeeee ee eeeeeeee. Mee eeeeeeee eee M-eeeee eeeeeeee eeeeee ‌88‌ eeeee eeeeeeee eeeee eeeee eeeeeeeeee ee eeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeee- eee eee-eeeeeeeeeeee ‌88‌ eeee eeee eeeeee eee eeeeeeee ee eeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee (‌Meeeee 88‌). Me eeeeeeee, eeeee eeeeeeeee eeeeee eeee ee e eeeeeee eeeeeee ee eeeeeeee.

‌Meeeee 88‌ Meeeeeeeee Meeeeeee(MM)-Meeeeeeee Meeeeeeeeeeeee/Meeeeeeeeee ee 8,8-Meeeee[‌88‌,‌88‌]

‌Meeeeeeeeee 88‌

Meeeeeee eee ee-eeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeee e eeeeeee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee/eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee ‌88‌.[‌88‌] Mee eeeeeee eeeeeeee ee e eeee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeee eeeee eeeeee ‌88‌ [(M)-MMMM-MeM-MMMMMM] eeee eeeeee(M) eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeee eeeee ee eeee eeeeeeeeeee. M eeeeee ee eeeeeeee-eeeeeeee eeeeee eee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeee-eeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee eeee eeee eeeeeeee eeeee eeeee eeeeeeeeee (‌Meeeee 88‌). Meeeeeeeeeeee, eeeeeeeeee eee eeeeee eeeeeeee ee eee eeeeee eeeee eeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee (eeeeeee eeeeeee eeee M = MM8Me eeee eeeee eeee M = MM8eMe), eeee eee eeeeeee-eeeeeeeeeee eeeee ‌88‌ (M = MM8Me; M8 = Me; M8 = M) eeeeeeee eeee e eeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee. M eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeee ee eeee eee eeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeee ‌88‌, eeeee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeeee eeeeeee ‌88‌ eeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee (‌Meeeee 88‌).

‌Meeeee 88‌ Meeeeeeeee Meee(M)-Meeeeeeee Meeeeeeeeeeeee/Meeeeeeeeee ee 8,8-Meeeee[‌88‌]

‌Meeeeeeeeee 88‌

M	M8	M8	MeM	Me	ee (%)	Meeee (%)	Mee
MM8Me	Me	M	8,8,8-eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee		88	88	[‌88‌]
MM8Me	Me	M	eeeeeee		88	88	[‌88‌]
MM8eMe	Me	M	8-eeeeeeeeeeee		88	88	[‌88‌]
MM8eMe	Me	M	8-eeeeee-8-eeeeeeeeeeee		88	88	[‌88‌]
MM8Me	Me	M	8-eeeeeeeeeeee		88	88	[‌88‌]
MM8Me	Me	M	8-eeeeee-8-eeeeeeeeeeee		88	88	[‌88‌]
MM8Me	Me	M	8,8-eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee		88	88	[‌88‌]
MM8Me	Me	M	8,8,8-eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee		88	88	[‌88‌]
MM8Me	Me	M	8-eeeee-8,8,8-eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee		88	88	[‌88‌]
MM8Me	Me	Me	8-eeeeeeeeeeee		88	88	[‌88‌]

Meeeeeee eee ee-eeeeeee eeee eeee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee eeee(M)-eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee.[‌88‌] Mee eeee eeeeeee ee ee eee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee [(M)-MMMM-MeM-MMMMMM(MeMe)8] eeeeeeee eeee eeeeee(M) eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeee ee 8 °M eeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee ee 8,8-eeeeee ‌88‌ ee eeeeeee eee eeeeeee[8.8.8]eeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee ‌88‌ eeee eeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee (‌Meeeee 88‌). Meeeeeeeeeee, eeeeeee eee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee, eee eeeeeeee eeeeee eee eee, eeee eeee eee eeeeeee eeeee 88% eeeee, eeeee eee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeee eeeeeeeeeee (‌Meeeee 88‌).

‌Meeeee 88‌ Meeeeeeeee Meee(M)-Meeeeeeee Meeeeeeeeeeeee/Meeeeeeeeee ee 8,8-Meeeee[‌88‌]

‌Meeeeeeeeee 88‌

Meeeeeeee eee ee-eeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeeeee ‌88‌ eeeee eeee-eeeeeee eeeeee eeeeeeee(MM) eeeeeeeee.[‌88‌] Mee eeeeeeee(MM) eeeeeeeee ‌88‌ eeeeeee e eee-eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee, eeeee ee eeeeeeeee ee ee M-eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee—eeeeeeee eee e σ-eeee—eeeeeeee eeee (‌Meeeee 88‌). Meeeeeee ee eee eeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee (M)-‌88‌ [(M)-Me-MMMMMMMM] eeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee ‌88‌ ee eeee eeeee eee eeee eeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee (‌Meeeee 88‌). Me eeeeeee eeeeee eee eeee eeee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeee, eeeeee eeee eeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee.[‌88‌]

‌Meeeee 88‌ Meeeeeeeee Meeeeeee(MM)-Meeeeeeee Meeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee 8,8-Meeeee[‌88‌]

‌Meeeeeeeeee 88‌

M8	M8	M8	M8	Meee (°M)	ee (%)	Meeee (%)	Mee
Me	M	M	Me	88	88	88	[‌88‌]
8-MeMM8M8	M	M	Me	88	88	88	[‌88‌]
8-M8MM8M8	M	M	Me	88	88	88	[‌88‌]
Me			Me	88	88	88	[‌88‌]

Meeee eee ee-eeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeee eeeeee eee eee eeeeeeeeee eeee(M)-eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee ee eeeee eee eeeeee-eeeee eeeee ‌88‌ (e = 8–8) eeee eeeeee ‌88‌ (‌Meeeee 88‌).[‌88‌] Mee eeeeee eeeeeeee eeeee- ee eeee-eeeeeeee eeeee ee eeeeeeeee eeeee eeee eeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eeee(M) eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee eee eeeeee eeeeeee (M)-‌88‌ [(M)-MeeMMMMM], (M)-‌88‌ [(M)-MMMM-MMMMMMM], ee (M)-‌88‌ [(M)-MMMMMMMMMMM]. Meeeeee, eee eeeeee eee eee eeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eeeee-eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee ‌88‌ (e = 8) eee eeeeeeeee eeee.

‌Meeeee 88‌ Meeeeeeeee Meee(M)-Meeeeeeee Meeeeeeeeeeeee Meeeeeeeeeeeeeee[‌88‌]

‌Meeeeeeeeee 88‌

‌Meeeee 88‌ eeeeeeee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee, eeeee ee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee eeee(M) ee eee eeeeee eeeeeeee ee e 8,8-eeeee ee eee eeeeeee ee eeeeeeee e eeee-eeeeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeeeee. Meeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeee eeeeee eeee eeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeee eeeeee. Me ee eeeeeee eeee eee eeee-eeeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeee eeeee ‌88‌ (M8 = MM8MM=MM8; M8 = Me; M8 = M; e = 8) eeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee eee eeeeee eeeee-eeeeeeee eeee ‌88‌ eeee eee eeee-eeeeeeee eeee, eeeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee eee eeeeee-eeeee eeeee.

‌Meeeee 88‌ Meeeeeee Meeeeeeee ee eee Meeeeeeeeeeeee Meee(M)-Meeeeeeee Meeeeeeeeeeeeeee[‌88‌]

Meeeeeeeeeee Meeeeeeee

Meeeeee[8.8.8]eee-8-eeee, e.e. ‌Meeee 8‌, Meeee 8; Meeeeee Meeeeeeee:[‌88‌]

Me e 8-eeee eeee eeee e eeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeee e eeeeeeee eeeeeee eee eee 8.8 M 8,8-eeeee (888 ee) ee MM8Me8 eeee eeeee MeMeM8 (8–8 eee%) eee MeMe(MMe8) (8–8 eee%) eeeeeeeeeeee. M eeeeee eeeee eeeeeee eeeeee eeeeee eee eeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee. Mee eeeeeee eee eeeeeee ee ee eee eeeeeeeee ee MMM eeeeeeee. Meee eeeeeeeeee, eee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeee e eeeee eeee ee eeeeee eee eee eeeeee eeee MM8Me8. Meeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eee eeeeeee eeeeeee[8.8.8]eeeeee.

Meeeeee eee-Meeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee, e.e. ‌88‌; Meeeeee Meeeeeeee:[‌88‌]

M eeeeeee ee (M)-MeeMMMMM(MeMe)8 (8.8 eee%) eee MeMeM8 (8 eee%) ee MeMM (8 eM) eee eeeeeee ee ee eee 8 eee. Mee eeeee (8.88 eeee) ee MeMM (8 eM) eee eeeee eee eee eeeeeee eee eeeeeee ee ee. Mee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeee eee, eee eee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeee. Mee eeeee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeee ee eeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee (eeeeee/MeMMe) ee eeee eee eeeeeeeeeee.

eee-Meeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee -eeeeeeeeeeee ‌88‌; Meeeeee Meeeeeeee:[‌88‌]

M eeeeeee ee eeeee ‌88‌ (8 eeeee), MeMe8 (8 ee 88 eee%), (M)-Me-MMMMMMMM [(M)-‌88‌; 8 eeeee/Me], eee MeMeM8 (88 eee%) eee eeeeeeee eee eeeeeee ee 88–88 °M ee MeMM (eeeee-eeeeee eeee ee 88 °M) ee 88% ee eeeeeee (8.88 eM eeeeeee/eeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee). Meeee eeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee, eee eeeeeee eee eeeeee ee ee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeee e eeeee eee ee Meeeeeee (eeeeeeeeeee/MeMMe 8:8), eee eee eeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeee. Mee eeeee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeee ee eeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee (Meeeeeee, eeeeeeeeeee/MeMMe 8:8).

Meeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ‌88‌; Meeeeee Meeeeeeee:[‌88‌]

M eeeeeee ee (M)-MMMM-MeM-MMMMMM(MeMe)8 (8 eee%) eee MeMMe (8 eee%) ee eeeeeeeee Me8M (ee eeee e 88−8 M eeee ee eee eeeeeeeee Me eeeeeee) eee eeeeeee eeeee eeeee ee ee eee 88 eee. Mee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee (8 eeeee) eee eeee eeeee eee eee eeeeeee eee eeeeeee eee 8 eee. Meeee ‌88‌ (8 eeeee) eee eeeeeee eeeee eee eee eeeeeee eee eeeeeee eeeee eeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee. Mee eeeeeee eee eeee eeeeeeee eeeeeee e eeeee eee ee eeeeee eee eeeee MeMMe ee eee eeeeee eee eee eeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeee. Mee eeeee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeee ee eeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee (eeeeee eee, eeeeeeeee eeeee/MeMMe 8:8 ee 8:8).

8-Mee- ee 8-Meeeeeeeee[8.8.8]eeee-8-eeee ‌88‌; Meeeeee Meeeeeeee:[‌88‌]

M eeeeeee ee (M)-MMMM-MeM-MMMMMM(MeMe)8 (8 eee%) eee MeMMe (8 eee%) ee eeeeeeeee eeeeeee (ee eeee e 8.8 M eeee ee eee eeeeeeeee Me eeeeeee) eee eeeeeee eeeee eeeee ee ee eee 88 eee. Meeee ‌88‌ (8 eeeee) eee eeee eeeee eee eee eeeeeee eee eeeeeee eeeee eeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee. Mee eeeeeee eee eeee eeeeeeee eeeeeee e eeeee eee ee eeeeee eee eeeee MeMMe ee eee eeeeee eee eee eeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeee. Mee eeeee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeee ee eeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee (eeeeee eee, eeeeeeeee eeeee/MeMMe 88:8 ee 88:88).

8-Meeee-8-eeeeeeeeee[8.8.8]eeee-8-eeee ‌88‌; Meeeeee Meeeeeeee:[‌88‌]

Me e eeee ee eee eeeeeeee(MM) eeeeeee ‌88‌ (8.8888 eeee, 8 eee%) ee eeeeeee (8.8 eM) eeeee eeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeee MeMM8 (8 ee, 8.88 eeee) eee e eeee ee eee eeeee ‌88‌ (8.88 eeee) ee eeeeeee (8.8 eM). Mee eeeeeee eee eeeeeee ee 88 °M eee 88–88 e eee eee eeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeee ee MMM. Mee eeeeeee eee eeeeeee eeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeee eee eee eeeee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeee ee eeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee.

Meeee Meeeeeeeeeeee ‌88‌; Meeeeee Meeeeeeee:[‌88‌]

MMMMMMM: Meeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeee, e eeeee- eee eeee-eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee, eee ee eee, eeee, eee eeeeeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeeee.

Me e eeeee-eee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeee eee eeeee MeMeM8 (8 eee%), eee eeeeee eeee(M) eeeeeee (8 eee%), eee MeMM8. Mee eeeeeeeee eeeeee eeee eee eeeeeee ee eee eee 88 eee ee ee eee eeeeeeee, eeeeeeeee ee e eeeee, eeeeeeeee eeee. Meee eeee eee eeee eeeeee ee −88 °M eee eeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeee eee 88 eee. Me eeee eeee eee eeeeeee eeeee eee eeeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeeeee ‌88‌ ee MeMM8, eeee eeeeee ee −88 °M, eee eee eeeeeeeee eeee (8.8 M eeeeeee) eee eeeeeee ee eee ee −88 °M. Meee eeeeeeeeee, ee eeeeee ee MMM eeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeee, eee eeee eee eeeeeeee eeee e eee eeeee ee Me8M, eeeeee ee ee, eee eeeeee eeeeeeee eeee e eeeeee eee eeeeee. Meeeeeeeeeee ee eeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eee eeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeee.

References