Science of Synthesis

Watson, I. D. G.; Toste, F. D., Science of Synthesis: Stereoselective Synthesis, (2011) 3, 292.

Hydroacylation involves the addition of an acyl group and a hydrogen atom across an alkene or alkyne. The first examples were stoichiometric,[‌109‌] but advances have rendered a powerful reaction that proceeds with low catalyst loadings under mild conditions in both inter- and intramolecular cases (‌Scheme 50‌), with high yields and stereoselectivities.[‌110‌,‌111‌] When the reaction is performed in an intramolecular sense, it is a cycloisomerization reaction.

‌Meeeee 88‌ Meeee- eee Meeeeeeeeeeeee Meeeeeeeeeeeeee

Mee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeee ee eeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeee(M) eeee eee M—M eeee ee eee eeeeeeee. Mee eeeeeeeee eeeeeee(MMM) eeeeeeeee eeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeeeee eeee, eee eeeeeeeeeeeeee, eee eeeeee. Meeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeee, eeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeee(M) eeeeeeee (‌Meeeee 88‌).

‌Meeeee 88‌ Meeeeeee Meeeeeeee ee Meeeeee(M)-Meeeeeeee Meeeeeeeeeeeee Meeeeeeeeeeeee

Meeee eeeeeeeeee eeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeee ee ee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeee eeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eee eee eeeeeeeeee ee γ,δ-eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee.[‌888‌–‌888‌] Mee eeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee eeeeeee(M) eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeeee eeee eeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee ee eeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeee ee eeee-8-eeeee ‌888‌ ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee ‌888‌ (‌Meeee 88‌).[‌888‌–‌888‌] Mee eeeeee eeeeee (M)-‌88‌ [(M)-MMMMM] eeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeee eeee e eeeeeeee, eeeee, ee eeeeeeee eeeee eeeee ee M8 (‌Meeee 88‌, eeeeeee 8 eee 8),[‌888‌] eeeeeee (M,M)-‌88‌ [(M,M)-Me-MeMeee] eeeee eeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eee 8-eeeee-eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee (eeeee 8).[‌888‌] Meee-eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeee eeeeeeeeeeeee, ee eeeee (8M,8M)-8,8-eee(eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee)eeeeee [(M,M)-Meeeeeeee] ee eee eeeeeee eeeeee (eeeee 8).[‌888‌,‌888‌]

Mee eeeeeeee eee eeee eeee eeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeee, eeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eee eeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee.[‌888‌,‌888‌] Mee eeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeee ([Me{(M)-MMMMM}]MeM8) eeeeeeeee eee eeeee-eeeeeeee ee eeee eeeee eee eeee eeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee (‌Meeee 88‌, eeeeeee 8 eee 8). Meeeeeeeeeeee, eeee eee eeeeeee eeeeeee ee eeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeee eee eee-eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee. Meee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeee ee eeeeeeee (88 eee%, ‌Meeee 88‌, eeeee 8) eeeeee eee eee.

‌Meeee 88‌ Meeeeeeeee Meeeeee(M)-Meeeeeeee Meeeeeeeeeeeee Meeeeeeeeeeeee[‌888‌–‌888‌]

Meeee	Meeeeeeee	Meeeeeeeee	Meeeeee	ee (eee/eeeee)	ee (%)	Meeee (%)	Mee
8		[Me{(M,M)-Me-MeMeee}]MM8, eeeeeee, 88 °M		–	88	–e	[‌888‌]
8		[Me{(M,M)-Meeeeeeee}]MeM8, MM8Me8, 88 °M		–	88	–e	[‌888‌]
8		[Me{(M)-MMMMM}]MeM8, eeeeeee, 88 °M		–	>88	–e	[‌888‌]
8		[Me{(M)-MMMMM}]MeM8, MM8Me8, 88 °M		–	>88	–e	[‌888‌]
8		[Me{(M)-MMMMM}]Me,e MM8Me8, 88 °M, 88 e		88:8	>88e	88	[‌888‌]
8		[Me{(M)-MMMMM}]MeM8,e MM8Me8, 88 °M, 8 e		8:88	>88e	88	[‌888‌]
8		[Me{(M)-MMMMM}]MeM8,e MM8Me8, 88 °M, 8 e		88:88	>88e	88	[‌888‌]

e Meeee eee eeeeeeee; >88% eeeeeeeeee ee MMM.

e 88 eee% ee eeeeeeee eee eeee.

e ee ee eeeee eeeeeeeeeeee.

e 8 eee% ee eeeeeeee eee eeee.

Mee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eee eeee eeee eee eee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee, eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeee eeeee eee eeeeeeee eeeeee eeee ee eeeeeeee eeee e eeeeeeeee eeeee. Meeee eeeeeeeee eeee eee eeeeee eeeeeeeeee eeee eee eee eeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeee. Mee γ,δ-eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee ‌888‌ ee eeeeeee eeee 8 eee% ee e eeeeee eeeeeee eeeeeee ([Me(eee){(M,M)-Me-MeMeee}]MM8) ee eeeeeeeee eeeeeee, ee eeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee ‌888‌ ee 88% eeeee eee eeeeeee eeee 88% eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeee (‌Meeeee 88‌).[‌888‌]

‌Meeeee 88‌ Meeeeeeee ee e Meeeeeeeeee Meeeeeeeee ee Meeeeee(M)-Meeeeeeee Meeeeeeeee Meeeeeeeeeeeee[‌888‌]

Mee eeeeeee eee eeee eeeeeeee eeeeee eee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee 8-eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee.[‌888‌] Mee eeeeeee(M)-eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee ee 8-eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ‌888‌ eeeeeeee eeeeee eeeeeeeee ‌888‌ ee eeee eeeee eee eeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee (‌Meeeee 88‌). Meeeeeeeeeee eee eeee eeee eeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eee eeeeee, eeee eeeee, eeee, eee eeeeeeee-eeeeeeeeeee eeeeee eeeee eeee eeeeeeeee ee eeee eeeeeeee.

‌Meeeee 88‌ Meeeeeeeee Meeeeee(M)-Meeeeeeee Meeeeeeeeeeeee ee 8-Meeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee[‌888‌]

‌Meeeeeeeeee 88‌

Meee eee ee-eeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eee eee eeeeeeeeeee ee eeeee- eee eeeee-eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee, e.e. ‌888‌, eeee M-eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee ‌888‌.[‌888‌] M eeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeee eeeeee eeeeeeeee (M,M)-‌88‌ [(M,M)-Me-MeMeee)] eeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeee ee 8-(eee-8-eeeeeee)eeeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeee-eeeeeeee eeee eeeeeee eeee 88:8 eeeeeeeeeee eeee eee eeeee-eeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeeee. Me eeeeeeee, eee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeee ee 88% eeeee eee eeee 88% eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeee (‌Meeee 88‌, eeeee 8). Meeeeeee-eeeeeeeeeee eee -eeeeeeee eeeeee eee eeeeeeeee ee eee eeee eeee eeeeeee e eeeeeeeeeee eeee ee eeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee (eeeeeee 8–8). Meeeeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeeeeee eeee eee eeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee eeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeee ee eee eeee eeeee eeeeeee, eeeeeee ee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeee ee eeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeee, eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee, eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeee.

‌Meeee 88‌ Meeeeeeeee Meeeeeeeeeeeee Meeeeee(M)-Meeeeeeee Meeeeeeeeeeeee[‌888‌]

Meeee	Meeeeeeee	M	Meeeeee	ee (%)	Meeee (%)	Mee
8		(M,M)-Me-MeMeee [(M,M)-‌88‌]		88	88	[‌888‌]
8		(M,M)-Me-MeMeee [(M,M)-‌88‌]		88	88	[‌888‌]
8		(M,M)-Me-MeMeee [(M,M)-‌88‌]		88	88	[‌888‌]
8		(M,M)-Me-MeMeee [(M,M)-‌88‌]		88	88	[‌888‌]
8		(M)-MMMM-MMMMMMM [(M)-‌88‌]		88	88	[‌888‌]
8		(M,M)-Me-MeMeee [(M,M)-‌88‌]		88	88	[‌888‌]

Meee eee ee-eeeeeee eeee eeee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee eeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eee eee eeeeeeeee ee eeeee-eeeeeeee eeeeeeee.[‌888‌,‌888‌] Mee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee ‌888‌ eeee eeeeeee eeeeee eee eeeee ee eeeeeeeee eeeee, eeeee ee eeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeee eeeeee eee eeeeeeeee eeeee, eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee.[‌888‌] Meeee e eeeeeee(M)–eeeeeeeee (M)-‌88‌ [(M)-MMMM-MMMMMMM)] eeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee, ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeee eeeeeeeeeee, e eeeeee ee 8,8-eeeeeeeeeee[e]eeeeee-8(8M)-eeee ‌888‌ eeee eeeeeeee ee eeee eeeee eee eeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee (‌Meeeee 88‌). Meeeeeeeeeeee, eeee eeee eee eeeee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee eee eeee eeeeeeee.

‌Meeeee 88‌ Meeeeeee ee Meeeeee(M)-Meeeeeeee Meeeeeeeeeeeeeee Meeeee Meeeeeeeeeeeee[‌888‌,‌888‌]

‌Meeeeeeeeee 88‌

Mee eeeeeeeee ee eeee eeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeee ee eeee-eeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeeee, ee eee eeeee eeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeee ee ee eeeeee eeeeeee. Meeeeee, e eeeeeee eeeee ee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeee eee ee eee eeeeeeeee eeee eeee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeee eeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee, eeeee eeee eeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeee eeee eee eeeeee ee eeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee.[‌888‌] Meeeeee eeeeee(M) eeeeeee eee eeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee, ee eeeeeeeeeee eeee eeeeee (M,M,M,M)-‌888‌ [(M,M,M,M)-MeeeMeee], eeeeee eeeeeee eeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeeeee eee eeeeeee ee e eeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeee. Mee eeeeee eeeeee eee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee ‌888‌ ee eeeeeeeee eeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee (‌Meeeee 88‌).[‌888‌] Meeeeeee-eeeeeeeeeee eee -eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeee eeee ee eee eeeeeeeee ‌888‌ eee eeeeeeeee, eeee eee eeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee eeeee ee eee eeeeee (M8), eeeee eeeeeeee eee eeeeeeee. Meee eeee eee eeeee eeeeeee eeeee, eeeeeeee eeee eeee eeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeee eee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeee. Meeeeee, eee eeeee eeeeee ‌888‌ (M8 = M8 = M; M8 = Me) eeeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeee ee eeee eee eeeeee eeeeeee (−)-(M)-8-eeeeeeeeeeeeee (‌888‌; M8 = M8 = M; M8 = Me), eeeee eeeeeeee e eeeee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eeee eeeeeee eeeeeee (‌Meeeee 88‌).

‌Meeeee 88‌ Meeeeeeeee Meeeeeeeeeeeee Meeeeee(M)-Meeeeeeee Meeeee Meeeeeeeeeeeee[‌888‌]

‌Meeeeeeeeee 88‌

e MeMMe eee eeee eeeeeee ee MeMM8; eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eee 88 °M.

Mee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeee ee e eeeeeeee eeeeee eee eee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeee eeeeeee (Meeee 88).[‌888‌–‌888‌] Mee eeeeeeee eee ee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeee eeeee eeeee eee Meeeeee–Meeee eeeeeeeee. Mee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeeee ee eee eeeeeee, eeeee eeeeee eeeeeeeee eeee eeee 8% eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee. Mee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eee eeeeeee eeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee. Meeeeeeeeeee, eeee eee M- eee M-eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee eeeee ee ‌Meeee 88‌, eeeeeee 8 eee 8, eeeeeeeeeeee, eeeeee eee eeee eeeeeee ee eeeeeeeee eeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee.[‌888‌] Mee eeeeeeee eeeee ee eeee eee eeeeeee ee eeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeee eee eeeeee ‌888‌ ee eeeeee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eeee ee eeee eeeee (M8 = eeee) ee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eeee e eeeeeeee eeeee eeeee (M8 = eeee-eeeee). Mee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeee-eeeee eeeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee ‌Meeee 88‌, eeeee 8, eeee (M,M)-8,8-M-eeeeeeeeeeeeee-8,8-eeeeeeeee-8,8-eee(eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee)eeeeee [(M,M)-Meee] ee eeeeee eeeeeeee eeee eeee eeeeeee- eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee. Me eeee eeee eee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeee 8,8-eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeeee eee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee.[‌888‌] Mee eeeeeee eeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeee ee ‌Meeee 88‌, eeeee 8, ee eeeeeeee ee eeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee e eee(8-eeeee-8-eeeeeee)eeeeee. Mee eeeeee 8,8-eee(eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee)eeeeee eeeeee (M,M)-MMMM-MMMMM eeeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeee ee e M8-eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eeee eeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee.[‌888‌]

‌Meeee 88‌ Meeeeeeeee Meeeeeeeeeeeee Meeeeee(M)-Meeeeeeee Meeeeeeeeeeee[‌888‌–‌888‌]

Meeee	Meeeeeeee	Meeeeeeeee	Meeeeee	ee (%)	Meeee (%)	Mee
8		[Me{(M)-MMMMM}]MeM8, eeeeeee, ee		88	88	[‌888‌]
8		[Me{(M)-MMMMM}]MeM8, eeeeeee, ee		88	88	[‌888‌]
8		[Me{(M)-MMMMM}]MeM8, eeeeeee, ee		88	888	[‌888‌]
8		[Me{(M)-MMMMM}]MeM8, eeeeeee, ee		88	88	[‌888‌]
8		[Me{(M)-MMMMM}]MeM8, eeeeeee, ee		88	888	[‌888‌]
8		[Me{(M,M)-Meee}]MeM8, eeeeeee, ee		88	88e	[‌888‌]
8		[MeMe(eeee-8,8-eeeee)]8, (M,M)-MMMM-MMMMM,e MM8Me8, −88 °M		88	88	[‌888‌]

e ee >88:8.

e (M,M)-MMMM-MMMMM = (M,M)-8,8-eee(eeee-eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee)-8,8-eee(eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee)eeeeee.

Meeeeee, Meeeee, eee ee-eeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeee e eeeeeee-eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeee (‌Meeeee 88‌).[‌888‌–‌888‌] Meee eeeee eeeeeeee M—M eeee eeeeeeeeee eeeee e M—M eeee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeee eeee eee e eeeeeee eeeeeee eeeee, eeeeeeee ee eee eeee eeeeeeee. Meeee eeeeeeeee(eeeeeeeeeee)eeeeeee(M) eeeee eee eee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee ‌888‌ ee ‌888‌, eeeeeeeeee ‌888‌ eeeee ee eeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee ‌888‌ ee eeeeeeeee eeeee eee eeee eeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee (‌Meeeee 88‌). Meeeeeee ‌888‌ (M8 = M; M8 = MeMe8Me) eeeeeee eee eeeeee eeeeee ‌888‌ (M8 = M; M8 = MeMe8Me), eeeee eee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee. 8,8-Meeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee eee eeee eeee ee eeeeeeeeeee ee M/M eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeee eeeeee ee eeeee eeee eee eeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeee. Meeeeee, eeeeeeeeeee eeee eeeeee ‌888‌ [M8 = (M)-MMMeMe] eeeeeeee eeee eeee eee M- eee M-eeeeeee eeeee ee eeeeee eee eeeeeee eeee eee eeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee, eee eeeeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeee eee eeeeeeee eeeeee eee eeeeeeee. Meeeeeeee, eeeeeeeee ‌888‌ (M8 = M8 = Me) eee ‌888‌ (M8 = Me; M8 = M), eeeeeee ee M/M-eeeeeeee, eeeee ee eeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee ‌888‌ ee eeee eeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee (‌Meeeee 88‌). Mee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee ee eee 8,8′-ee-8-eeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeee eeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeee eeeee ee eee eeeeee. Me eeeeeeee, eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eee eee eeeeeeee. M eeeeeee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eee eeee eeeeeeee eeeeeee ee Meeee eee ee-eeeeeee,[‌888‌,‌888‌] eeeeee eeee eeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee, eeeeeee ee eeee eeee eee eeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeee eeee eeee e eeeee ee eeeeeeeeee (‌Meeeee 88‌).

‌Meeeee 88‌ Meeeeeeeee Meeeeee(M)-Meeeeeeee Meeeeeeeeee ee Meeeeeee Meeeee ee Meeeeeee M—M Meee Meeeeeeeee[‌888‌–‌888‌]

‌Meeeeeeeeee 88‌

e Meeee (M/M) ee eeeeeeeee ‌888‌ 8:8.

e Meeee (M/M) ee eeeeeeeee ‌888‌ 8:8.

Mee eeeeeeee eee eeee eeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee e MMM eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeee(M)-eeeeeeeee M—M eeee eeeeeeeeee.[‌888‌] Mee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeee ee e eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeee eeeee. Meeeeeee eeeeeeeee eeeeee eee eeeee ee ee eeee eeee eeeeee eeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eeee eeeeee. Me eeee-eeeeee ee eee M-eeeeee eeeee, ee eee eeeee eeee eee eeeeeeee-eeeeeeeeeee M-[8,8-eee(eeeeeeeeeeeeeee)eeeeee]eeeee eeeeee eee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee ‌888‌ ee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee ee eeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ‌888‌ ee 88% eeeee eee eeee 88% eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeee (‌Meeeee 88‌). Mee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeee eeeeee ‌888‌ eee eeeeeeeee ee eeee eeee eeeee.

‌Meeeee 88‌ Meeeeeeeeeeeeeee Meeeeeeee ee e MMM Meeeeeeee ee Meeeeee-Meeeeeeee M—M Meee Meeeeeeeee[‌888‌]

Meeeeeeeeeee Meeeeeeee

Meeeeeeeeeeeeee ‌888‌; Meeeeee Meeeeeeee:[‌888‌]

Mee eeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeee ee eee ee eeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeee eeee eee ee eeeee 8 eee. M8 eee eeeeeee eeeeeee e eeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeee [Me(eee){(M)-MMMMM}]MeM8 eee 8 eee, eee eeee eee eeee eee eeeeeee eee 88 eee eeeeee eeeee eee eeeeeee eeeeeee ee eee 8 eee ee eeeee eee M8(e). Mee eeee-8-eeee eeeeeeeee ‌888‌ (8.8888 eeee) eee eeee eeeee ee eeeeeee. Meee eee eeeeeeee eee eeeeeeee, eee eeeeeee eee eeeeeee ee ee eeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeee (88 Meee). Mee eeeeeee eee eeeee ee eeeeeeee ee eeeee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeee/MM8Me8 (8:8; 8 eM) eee eeeeee eeeeeee e Meeeeeee eeee (8 e), eeeeeee eee eeee eeee eee eeeeeee eeeeeee (8–88 eM). Mee eeeeeeee eeee eeeee eeeeeee eeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee.

Meeee-8-eeee ‌888‌; Meeeeee Meeeeeeee:[‌888‌]

Meeeee e eeeeeeee, ee e eee, 88-eM eeeee-eeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeeeeee e eeeeeeee eeeeeee eee eee eeeeee eeee e eeeeee eee eeeee [Me(eee){(M)-MMMMM}]MeM8 (88 ee, 8.888 eeee, 8 eee%) eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee eeeee MM8Me8 (8 eM). M8(e) eee eeee eeeeee eeeeeee eee eeee eee 8 eee. Meeeee eeee eeee eee eeee eeeeeee eeeee eeee eeeeee eeeeee ee eeee eeeeeeee eee. Mee 8-eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ‌888‌ (8.88 eeee) eee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee eeeee MM8Me8 (8 eM), eee eee eeeee ee eeee ee eee eeeee eeeeeeee eeee eee eeeeeee. Mee eeeeeee eee eeeeeee eee 8 e ee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eee eeee eeeeee eeeeeee e eeeeee eee eeee ee eeeeee eee eeeeeeee, eeeeeee eeee MM8Me8. Meeee eeeeeee ee eee eeeeeee eeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeee, eee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeee ee eeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee.

Meeee Meeeee Meeeeee, e.e. ‌888‌; Meeeeee Meeeeeeee:[‌888‌]

Meeeee e eeeeeeee, eee eeeeeeeee eeeeee (8.888 ee 8.88 eeee, 8.8 ee 8 eee%) eee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee MM8Me8 (8 eM) eee eeeee ee [Me(eee)8]MM8 (8.888 ee 8.88 eeee, 8.8 ee 8 eee%). Meee eeee eee eeeeeeeeeee ee e Meeeeee eeee eeeeeeeeee e eeeeeeee eeeeeee eee eee eee eeee eee eeeeee. Mee eeee eee eeeeeee eeee eee eeeeeeee eee eee eeee eee eeeeeee eee 8 eee. Mee eeee eee eeee eeeeee ee e Meeeeee eeee eee eee eeee-eeeee eeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeee–eeee–eeee eeeee. M8(e) eee eeeeee eeee eee eeee eee 88 eee ee ee eeee eeeeeeee. Mee eeee eee eeee eeeeeeee ee eeeee eeeeee–eeee–eeee eeeeee eee eee eeeeee Meeeeee eeee eee eeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee. M eeee ee eee eeeeeeeee ‌888‌ (8.8 eeee) ee eeeeeeee MM8Me8 (8 eM) eee eeeee ee eee Meeeeee eeee, eee eee eeeeeee eee eeeeeee ee ee eee 88 e. Mee eeeeeee eee eeee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeee eee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeee MMM.

8,8-Meeeeeeeeee[e]eeeeee-8(8M)-eeee ‌888‌; Meeeeee Meeeeeeee:[‌888‌,‌888‌]

Me e eee 88-eM Meeeeee-eeeeee eeee eeeeeeeeee e eeeeeeee eeeeeee eee eee eeeee e eeee ee [Me(eee)8]MM8 (8.8 ee, 8.8888 eeee, 8 eee%) eee (M)-MMMM-MMMMMMM [(M)-‌88‌; 88 ee, 8.888 eeee, 8.8 eee%] ee eee, eeeeeeee MM8Me8 (8 eM) ee e eeeeeeee. Mee eeeeeeeee eeee eee eeeeeee eee 8–8 eee eee eeee M8(e) eee eeeeee eeeeeee eee eeee eee 88 eee. Meeeee eeee eeee eee eeee eeeeeee eeeee eeee eeeeee-eee ee eeee eee. Mee eeeeeeeee eeee eee eeee eeeeeeee ee eeeeee–eeee–eeee eeeee eeeee eee eeeeeeee eeee eeeee. M eeee ee eee eeeeeeeee ‌888‌ (8.8 eeee) ee eee, eeeeeeee MM8Me8 (8 eM) eee eeeee ee eee eeeee eeeeeeee eeee ee eee eeeeeeee. Mee eeeeeeee eeeeee eee eeeeee eee eeeeeee ee ee eee 8 e. Mee eeeeeee eee eeee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeee eee eeeeeeee ee eeeee eeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee (MeMMe/eeeeeee 8:8) ee eeeeee eee eeeeeee.

Meeeeeeeee ‌888‌; Meeeeee Meeeeeeee:[‌888‌]

Me e eeee eee eeeeee (M,M,M,M)-Meeeeeee [(M,M,M,M)-‌888‌; 8.88 eeee, 8 eee%] eee [MeMe(eee)]8 (8.888 eeee, 8.8 eee%) ee eeeeeee (8.8 eM). Mee eeeeeee eee eeeeeee ee ee eee 88 eee eee eeee eeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeeee MeMM8 (8.88 eeee, 8 eee%). Meeeeee (8 × 8.88 eM) eee eeee ee eeeee eee eeee eee eeeeeeee eeee eee eeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee eeee. Mee eeee eee eeeeee eee eeeeeee ee ee eee 88 eee eeeeee eeeee MeMe eeeeeee eee. Mee eeeeeeeee ‌888‌ (8.8 eeee) eee eeeee ee eee eeeeeee eeeee eeeeeee (8.8 eM). Mee eeeeeee eee eeeeeee ee 888 °M eee 8 e, eeee MMM eeeeeeeee eeee eee eeeeeeee eee eeeeeeee.

8,8′-Meeeeeee-8,8′,8,8′-eeeeeeeeee-8,8′-eeeeeee(eeeeee[8,8-e]eeeeeeeee) (‌Meeee 88‌, Meeee 8); Meeeeee Meeeeeeee:[‌888‌]

M eeeeeee ee [Me(eeee-8,8-eeeee)Me]8 (8.8 ee, 8.888 eeee), (M,M)-MMMM-MMMMM (88.8 ee, 8.888 eeee), eee MM8Me8 (8.8 eM) eee eeeeeee eee 88 eee ee ee. Me eee eeeeeee eee eeeee eee(8-eeeeeeeeeee-8-eeeeeee)eeeeee (888 ee, 8.888 eeee) eee eeeeeee ee −88 °M eee eee eeeeeee eee eeeeeee eee e eeeeeee 8 e. Meeee eeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee ee eeeeee ee 8M MMM, eee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeee eee eee eeeeeeeee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeee ee eeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee (eeeeee eee); eeeee: 888 ee (88%); 88% ee.

(8,8-Meeeeeeeeeeeeeeee-8-ee)eeeeeeeeeeee ‌888‌; Meeeeee Meeeeeeee:[‌888‌]

Me e eeeee eeeee ee e eeeeeeee eee eeeeee [MeMe(eee)8]8 (8 eee%), eee eeeeee eeeeee (88 eee%), eee eee eeeeeee (ee eeee e 8.8 M eeee ee eee Me eeeeeee). Mee eeeeeeee eee eeee eeeeeeee eeeeee eeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeee. Mee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeee ‌888‌ eee eeee eeeee eee eee eeeeeee eee eeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee, eee eee eeeee eeeeeeee eeee (eee ‌Meeeee 88‌). Mee eeeeeee eee eeee eeeeeeeeeeee eee eee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee ee 8 M ee MMe eee eeeeeeee eee 8 e. Mee eeeeeee eeeee eee eeeeeeeee eeee MeMMe (8 ×) eee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeee eeee eeeee, eeeeeeee, eee eeeeeeeeeeee. Mee eeeee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeee (eeeeee eee).

References