Science of Synthesis

Tomás-Gamasa, M., Science of Synthesis: Cross Coupling and Heck-Type Reactions, (2013) 2, 22.

Metal nanoparticles can be regarded as “semi-heterogeneous catalysts”. This means that, apart from their large surface area, they can combine the characteristics of heterogeneous catalysis (recovery and recyclability) with those of homogeneous catalysis (relatively low catalyst loadings and good selectivity). Thus, Xu, Feng, and co-workers have reported the copper(I) iodide nanoparticle catalyzed synthesis of anilines ‌14‌ from aryl halides, aqueous ammonia, and commercially available aqueous tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (‌Scheme 12‌).[‌50‌] This high-yielding process takes place under mild reaction conditions (room temperature for aryl iodides; 80 °C for aryl bromides) in the absence of ligands and organic solvents.

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References