Science of Synthesis

Vanden Eynde, J. J.; Mayence, A., Science of Synthesis: Multicomponent Reactions, (2014) 1, 93.

Bakerʼs yeast has the capability to generate acetaldehyde from glucose.[‌115‌] Further reaction with β-oxo esters and ammonium acetate yields dialkyl 1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylates ‌43‌ (‌Scheme 28‌). Optionally, further reaction of acetaldehyde with a β-oxo ester and 3-aminobut-2-enenitrile affords dihydropyridines bearing both an ester group and a nitrile group. Bakerʼs yeast is also able to catalyze the four-component coupling of an aldehyde, a β-oxo ester, 5,5-dimethylcyclohexane-1,3-dione, and ammonium acetate to form polyhydroquinolines.[‌194‌]

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References