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1.1.3.1.2 Reaction with Organoboron Reagents

DOI: 10.1055/sos-SD-217-00035

Zhang, M.; Su, W.Science of Synthesis: Catalytic Transformations via C—H Activation, (2015196.

The palladium(II)-catalyzed arylation of arenes with the use of arylboron reagents as coupling partners is particularly attractive in organic synthesis owing to the availability, stability, nontoxicity, and ease of handling of these reagents.

Me eeee eeeee, eeeeeeeeee eeee eee eeeeeeeee ee Me eee ee-eeeeeee, eee eeeeeeeee eee eeeeee eeeeeeeee ee M(ee8)—M eeeee ee eeeeeeeeee eeeee eeee e eeeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeee eeeeee(M) eeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeee.[‌88‌] Me eeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeee, eee eeeeeeeee eeeee ee eeeeeee ee eeee e eee eeeeeee eeeee eee eee eeeeee eee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eee. Meee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee eee eeee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee, eeeee eeeee eeeeeeee ee eee ee ee eeee ee eee eeeeeee eeeeeee ee eeeeeeeee eeeeee(M) eeeeeeeee.[‌88‌] Meeeeee eeeee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee, eeeeeeeee eeeeee eeeeeeee-eeeeeeeee eeeeee, eeeee, eeeeeeeeeeeeeee, eeeee, eee eeeeee eeeeee, eeeeeee eee eeeeeee eeeeee-8-eeeeeeeeee eeeee 8 ee eeeeeeee ee eeee eeeeee (Meeeee 8). Me eeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee ee eee eeeee ee e eeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeee eee ee eeeeeeee eeeee. Meeeeeee, eee eeeeeeee eee eeee ee eeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeeee, eee eee eeeeeeee ee ee α-eeeeeeeeeee eeeee ee eeeeeeeee eeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeee ee eeeeee eeeeeeeee (Meeeee 8).

Meeeee 8 Meeeeeeee(MM)-Meeeeeeee Meeeeeeee ee Meeeeee Meeee eeee Meeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeee ee Meeeeeeeee ee Meeeee ee Mee[‌88‌]

Meeeeeeeeee 8

M8 M8 M8 M8 Meeeeee (eee) Meee (e) Meeee (%) Mee
M Me M M M8 (88) 88 88 [‌88‌]
M Me M M M8 (8) 88 88 [‌88‌]
M Me M M eee (8) 88 88 [‌88‌]
M M Me M M8 (88) 88 88 [‌88‌]
Me M M M M8 (88) 88 88 [‌88‌]
Me M M M M8 (8) 88 88 [‌88‌]
Me M M M eee (8) 88 88 [‌88‌]
M MMe M M M8 (88) 88 88 [‌88‌]
M Me M M M8 (88) 88 88 [‌88‌]
M Me Me M M8 (88) 88 88 [‌88‌]
M M MM8 M M8 (88) 88 88 [‌88‌]
M MM M M M8 (88) 88 88 [‌88‌]
Me M M M M8 (88) 88 88 [‌88‌]
M M MMe8 M M8 (88) 88 88 [‌88‌]
Me M M MMe M8 (88) 88 88 [‌88‌]
Me M M Me M8 (88) 88 88 [‌88‌]

Meeeee 8 Meeeeeeee(MM)-Meeeeeeee Meeeeeeee ee Meeeeeeeee Meeee eeee Meeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeee ee Meeeeeeeee ee Meeeee[‌88‌]

Meeeeeeeeee 8

M8 M8 M8 M8 M8 M8 Meeee (%) Mee
Me M M M M M 88 [‌88‌]
(MM8)8 M M M M 88 [‌88‌]
eMe M M M Me M 88 [‌88‌]
Me Me M M Me M 88 [‌88‌]
Me M M Me M M 88 [‌88‌]
M M MM8 M M M 88 [‌88‌]
Me M M M Me MMe 88 [‌88‌]
Me M M M Me Me 88 [‌88‌]

Mee eeeeeeeee(MM)-eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee eeeee eeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eee eeee eeeeeee eeeeeeeee eeee e eeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeee e eeeeeee eeeeeeee eeee, eeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eeeee, eee eeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeee.[‌88‌] Mee eeeeeeeeeeee ee eeee-M-eeeeeeeee eeeee eeee eeeeeee eeee eee eeeeeeee eeeeee ee ee eeeee eeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeee e eeeeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee. Me eeeee M-eeeeee-e-eeeeeeeeee (8) ee eee eeeeee eee 8 eeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeee(M) eeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeee, e eeeee eeeee ee eeeeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeee eeeeee eeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeee eee eeeeeee eeeeee-8-eeeeeeee eeeee 8 ee eeeeeeeee eeeeee eeeeee 8 eeeee (Meeeee 8). Mee eeeeeee eee eeee ee eeeeeeeee eeeee eeeeee (≥8.8 eee) ee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeee ee M-(eeee-eeeeeeeeeeeeee)-e-eeeeee (8) ee eeee ee eee eeeeee. Me ee eee eeeeeeee eeeee ee Meeeee 8, eeeeeee eee eeeeeeee ee eeeeee eeeeeee ee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee (Meeeee 8).

Meeeee 8 Meeeeeeee(MM)-Meeeeeeee Meeeeeeee ee Meeeeeeeee Meeee eeee Meeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee eee Meeeeeee ee M-Meeeee-e-eeeeeeeeee[‌88‌]

Meeeeeeeeee 8

M8 M8 M8 M8 M8 M8 Meeee (%) Mee
M MM8 M M M M 88 [‌88‌]
M Me M M M M 88 [‌88‌]
M M M M M M 88 [‌88‌]
M Me M Me M M 88 [‌88‌]
M MM8 M M M M 88 [‌88‌]
M MMe M M M M 88 [‌88‌]
eMe M M Me M M 88 [‌88‌]
Me M Me Me M M 88 [‌88‌]
M Me M M M Me 88 [‌88‌]
M Me M M M MMe 88 [‌88‌]
M Me M M M Me 88 [‌88‌]
M Me M M M MM8 88 [‌88‌]
M Me M M M M 88 [‌88‌]

Meeeee 8 Meeeeeeee(MM)-Meeeeeeee Meeeeeeee ee Meeeeeeeee Meeee eeee Meeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeee ee Meeeeeeeee ee Meeeee ee Mee ee eee Meeeeeee ee M-(eeee-Meeeeeeeeeeeee)-e-eeeeee[‌88‌]

Meeeeeeeeee 8

M8 M8 M8 Meeeeee (eee) Meee (e) Meeeeeeeee (%) Mee
MM8 M M M8 (8) 88 88 [‌88‌]
MM8 M M M8 (8)  8 88 [‌88‌]
MM8 M M M8 (88)  8 88 [‌88‌]
MM8 M M eee (88)  8 88 [‌88‌]
M Me M M8 (8) 88 88 [‌88‌]
M Me M M8 (8)  8 88 [‌88‌]
Me M Me M8 (8) 88 88 [‌88‌]
Me M Me M8 (8)  8 88 [‌88‌]

M-(eeee-Meeeeeeeeeeeee)-e-eeeeee (8) eee eeee eeee eeeeee ee ee e eeeeee eeeeeeeee eeeeee eee eee eeeeeeeee(MM)-eeeeeeeee eeeeee eeeeeeeee ee (eeeeeeeeeee)eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeee eee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeee-eeeeee eeeeeeeeee 88.[‌88‌] Mee eee ee eee ee eee eeeeeee eeeee eee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee. Meeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeee eeeeee eeeeeeee-eeeeeeee eeeeee ee eeeeeeee-eeeeeeeeeee eeeeee eee eeee eeeeeeeee, eee eeee eeeeee eee eeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeee eeeeee eeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee (Meeeee 8).

Meeeee 8 Meeeeeeee(MM)-Meeeeeeee Meeeee Meeeeeeee ee (Meeeeeeeeee)eeeeeeeee Meeeeeeeeee eeee Meeeeeeeeee Meeee[‌88‌]

Meeeeeeeeee 8

M8 M8 M8 Me8 Meee (e) ee (%) Meeee (%) Mee
Me Me M Me 88 88 88 [‌88‌]
Me Me M 8-Mee 88 88 88 [‌88‌]
Me Me M 8-Mee 88 88 88 [‌88‌]
Me Me M 8-MeMM8M8 88 88 88 [‌88‌]
Me Me M 8-eeeeeeee  8.8 88 88 [‌88‌]
Me Me M 8-MeM8M8 88 88 88 [‌88‌]
Me Me M 8-MM8M8 88 88 88 [‌88‌]
Me Me M 8-M8MM8M8 88 88 88 [‌88‌]
Me Me M 8-MeM8MM8M8  8 88 88 [‌88‌]
Me Me M Me 88 88 88 [‌88‌]
(MM8)8 M Me 88 88 88 [‌88‌]
Me Me Me Me 88 88 88 [‌88‌]

Mee eeeee-eeeeeeeee ee eeeeee eeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeeee ee M-eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeee ee eeeeee M-(eeeeee-8-ee)eeeeeeeeee 8888 eee eeee eeeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeee(MM) eeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee eee eeeeee(MM) eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeee.[‌88‌] Mee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee eee eeee eeeee ee ee eeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeeee eeeeee(M) eeeee ee eee eeeeeeee. Meeee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee, ee eeeee ee M-eeeeee-8,8,8,8-eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee, eeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeee eeeee, ee eeee ee M-eeeeee-8,8-eeeeeeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee eee eeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee. Mee eeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeee e eeeee eeeeeeeee eeeee eeee eeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeee eeeee, eee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee eeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeee eeeee eee eeeeeeeee, eeeeeeee eeeeeeee-eeeeeeeeeee eeeeee eeeeeeee eee eeeeee. Meeeeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeee ee eeee eeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeee eeeeee, eeeeeee eeeee-eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeee ee eee eeee eeee eeeeeee ee eeeeee eeeeeeeee (Meeeee 8).

Meeeee 8 Meeeeeeee(MM)-Meeeeeeee Meeeeeeee ee M-Meeeeeeeeeeeee eeee Meeeeeeeeee Meeee[‌88‌]

Meeeeeeeeee 8

M8 M8 M8 M8 M8 Meeee (%) Mee
M M M M M 88 [‌88‌]
M M Me M M 88 [‌88‌]
M M M Me M 88 [‌88‌]
M M M M Me 88 [‌88‌]
M M M MMe M 88 [‌88‌]
M M M MMM8M 88 [‌88‌]
M M M M M 88 [‌88‌]
M M M MM8 M 88 [‌88‌]
M Me M M M 88 [‌88‌]
M (MM8)8Me M M M 88 [‌88‌]
Me M M M M 88 [‌88‌]

Meeeeeeeeee 8M

M8 M8 Meeee (%) Mee
M M 88 [‌88‌]
M Me 88 [‌88‌]
Me M 88 [‌88‌]
Me M 88 [‌88‌]

Meeeeeeeeee 8M

M8 Meeee (%) Mee
M 88 [‌88‌]
Me 88 [‌88‌]

Mee eeeeeeeee(MM) eeeeeee eeeeeeeee eeeee-eeeeeeeee ee M-eeeee eeeeee eeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeee eee eeee eeeeeeeee, eee ee eeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeee-8,8-eeeeeee ee eeee ee eee ee-eeeeeee.[‌88‌] M eeee ee eeeee eeeeeeeeee eeee eee eeeeeeee eeeeee ee eeee eee ee eeee eeeeeeeee eeee; 8,8-eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeee ee ee eee eeee eeeeee eeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeee eeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeee. Meeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeee eeee eeeeee eeeeeeee-eeeeeeee eeeeee (e.e., eeeeee, eeeeeee) ee eeeeeeee-eeeeeeeeeee eeeeee (e.e., eeeeeee, eeeeeeeeeeeeeee, eeeee) eeee eeee ee eee eeeeeeee eeee M-eeeee eeeeee ee eeeeee eeeeee-8-eeeeeeeeeeee M-eeeee eeeeee 88 ee eeee eeeeee (Meeeee 88).

Meeeee 88 Meeeeeeee(MM)-Meeeeeeee Meeeeeeee ee Meeeeeeeeeee Meeeee eeee Meeeeeeeeee Meeee[‌88‌]

Meeeeeeeeee 88

M8 M8 M8 M8 Meeee (%) Mee
Me M M M 88 [‌88‌]
Me M M Me 88 [‌88‌]
Me M M Me 88 [‌88‌]
Me M M M 88 [‌88‌]
Me M MM8 M 88 [‌88‌]
Me M Me M 88 [‌88‌]
Me M MM8 M 88 [‌88‌]
Me Me Me M 88 [‌88‌]

Meee eeeeeeee 8,8-eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeee eee eeeeeeee eeeeee, eee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeee eee ee eeeeeee ee eeeeeee M-eeeee eeee eeeeeeeee ee eeee eee eeeeeee eeeeee-8-ee M-eeeee eeeeeeeee 88 (Meeeee 88).

Meeeee 88 Meeeeeeee(MM)-Meeeeeeee Meeeeeeee ee Meeeeeeeeeee Meeee Meeeeeeeeee eeee Meeeeeeeeee Meeee[‌88‌]

Meeeeeeeeee 88

M8 M8 M8 M8 M8 Meeee (%) Mee
Me Me Me M M 88 [‌88‌]
Me Me Me M M 88 [‌88‌]
Me Me M M M 88 [‌88‌]
Me Me Me Me M 88 [‌88‌]
Me Me Me M e-Me 88 [‌88‌]
Me Me Me Me M 88 [‌88‌]
Me Me Me M M 88 [‌88‌]
Me Me Me Me M 88 [‌88‌]
Me Me Me M MMM8 88 [‌88‌]
Me (MM8)8 M M 88 [‌88‌]

Meeeeeeeeee, eee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeee eee eeeeeeeeeeee eeee eeee eee eeeeeeee eeeeee eeeee eee eeeee-eeeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeeee ee eee eee-eee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee 8M-eeeeeee-8-eeee 88 ee eeee eeeeee; 8M-eeeeeee-8-eeee 88 eee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeee eeeeeee eeeeeeee eee eeeee (Meeeee 88).

Meeeee 88 Meeeeee Meeeeeee Me Meeeeee 8M-Meeeeee-8-eeee eeeeeee Meeeeeeee-Meeeeeeee M—M Meeeeeeeee[‌88‌]

Meeeeeeeeee 88

M8 M8 M8 Meeee (%) Mee
M M M 88 [‌88‌]
Me M M 88 [‌88‌]
M M Me 88 [‌88‌]
M e-Me M 88 [‌88‌]

Mee eeeeeeeee(MM) eeeeeee eeeeeeeee eeeee-eeeeeeeee ee 8-eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eee eeee eeeeeeee ee eeeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeeee eeee 8,8,8,8-eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee-8-eeee[‌88‌] ee ee eeeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeee eeeeee(MM) eeeeeee/eeeee-8,8-eeeeeee[‌88‌] ee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeee/eeeeeee, eeeeeeeeeeee. Me eee eeee eeeee eeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eee eeee eeeeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeee ee eeee eeeee-eeeeeeeee eeeeeee, ee eeee eeeeeeeee eeee e eeeeee eeeeeee eee e eeeeeee eeeeeeeee eeeee. Meeeeeee 88 eee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee ee eeee eeeeee (Meeeee 88).

Meeeee 88 Meeeeeeee(MM) Meeeeee Meeeeeeee eeeee-Meeeeeeee ee 8-Meeeeeeeeeeeee eee Mee Meeeeeeeeee eeee Meeeeeeeeee Meeee ee Meeeeeeee Meeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee[‌88‌,‌88‌]

Meeeeeeeeee 88

M8 M8 M8 M8 M Meeeeeeeeee Meeee (%) Mee
MMe M M M M(MM)8 MMMMM (8.8 eeeee), MM (8 eeeee), MeMM, 88 °M, 88 e 88 [‌88‌]
MMe M Me M M(MM)8 MMMMM (8.8 eeeee), MM (8 eeeee), MeMM, 88 °M, 88 e 88 [‌88‌]
MMe M M Me M(MM)8 MMMMM (8.8 eeeee), MM (8 eeeee), MeMM, 88 °M, 88 e 88 [‌88‌]
M M M M MM8M Me(MMe)8 (8.8 eeeee), eeeee-8,8-eeeeeee (8.8 eeeee), eeeeeee, 888 °M, 88 e 88 [‌88‌]
M M MMM M MM8M Me(MMe)8 (8.8 eeeee), eeeee-8,8-eeeeeee (8.8 eeeee), eeeeeee, 888 °M, 88 e 88 [‌88‌]
M M M MM8 MM8M Me(MMe)8 (8.8 eeeee), eeeee-8,8-eeeeeee (8.8 eeeee), eeeeeee, 888 °M, 88 e 88 [‌88‌]
M M e-Me M MM8M Me(MMe)8 (8.8 eeeee), eeeee-8,8-eeeeeee (8.8 eeeee), eeeeeee, 888 °M, 88 e 88 [‌88‌]
M M M M MM8M Me(MMe)8 (8.8 eeeee), eeeee-8,8-eeeeeee (8.8 eeeee), eeeeeee, 888 °M, 88 e 88 [‌88‌]
M M Me M MM8M Me(MMe)8 (8.8 eeeee), eeeee-8,8-eeeeeee (8.8 eeeee), eeeeeee, 888 °M, 88 e 88 [‌88‌]
M M Me M MM8M Me(MMe)8 (8.8 eeeee), eeeee-8,8-eeeeeee (8.8 eeeee), eeeeeee, 888 °M, 88 e 88 [‌88‌]
M Me MMM M MM8M Me(MMe)8 (8.8 eeeee), eeeee-8,8-eeeeeee (8.8 eeeee), eeeeeee, 888 °M, 88 e 88 [‌88‌]
M MMM MMM M MM8M Me(MMe)8 (8.8 eeeee), eeeee-8,8-eeeeeee (8.8 eeeee), eeeeeee, 888 °M, 88 e 88 [‌88‌]

e MMMMM = 8,8,8,8-eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee-8-eeee.

Mee eeeeeeeee(MM)-eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eeeee M—M eeeee eeee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eee 8-eeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeee eee eeee eeeeeeeeeeee.[‌88‌] Mee eeeeeee eeee eeee ee e eeeeeeeee eeeee ee eeeeeee eee M—M eeeeeeeeee ee eeee 8-eeeeeee eeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeee eeeeeeee. Meeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeee ee eeeeeeee-eeeeeeee eeeee ee ee eeeeeeee-eeeeeeeeeee eeeee ee eee eeee ee eeee eeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeeee eeee eeee 8-eeeeeee eeeeeeeeee ee eeee eee eeeeeee eeeeeeee 88 ee eeee eeeeee (Meeeee 88).

Meeeee 88 Meeeeeeee(MM)-Meeeeeeee Meeeeeeee ee Meee 8-Meeeeee Meeeeeeeee eeee Meeeeeeeeeeee[‌88‌]

Meeeeeeeeee 88

M8 M8 M8 Meeee (%) Mee
M M M 88 [‌88‌]
M M Me 88 [‌88‌]
M M M 88 [‌88‌]
M Me M 88 [‌88‌]
MMe M M 88 [‌88‌]

Me eeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee(eeeeeeeeeeee)eeeeeeeee(MM) eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee, eee M—M eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeee eee eeee eeeeeeee eee eeeeee eeeeeeee M—M eeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeeee ee eeee eeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeee ee eeeee eeeeeeee.[‌88‌] Meeeeee eeeeeeeeee eeeeee eee eeeeeeeee eeeee eee eeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee. Mee eeeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeee 88 ee eeee eeeeee eeee eee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee (Meeeee 88).

Meeeee 88 Meeeeeee-Meeeeeeee(MM)-Meeeeeeee Meeeeeeee ee Meeeeeeee eeee Meeeeeeeeee Meeee[‌88‌]

Meeeeeeeeee 88

M8 M8 M8 M8 M8 Meee (e) Meeee (%) Mee
M Me M M M 88 88 [‌88‌]
M Me MMe M M 88 88 [‌88‌]
M Me Me M M 88 88 [‌88‌]
M Me MM8Me M M 88 88 [‌88‌]
M Me Me M M 88 88 [‌88‌]
M Me Me M M 88 88 [‌88‌]
M Me M MMe MMe 88 88 [‌88‌]
Me MMe Me M M 88 88 [‌88‌]
M MMe Me M M 88 88 [‌88‌]
M Me Me M M 88 88 [‌88‌]
M eMe Me M M 88 88 [‌88‌]
Me Me Me M M 88 88 [‌88‌]

Me eeeeeeee ee eee eeeee-eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee-eeeee-eeeeeeeeee eeeeee, eee eeeeeeeee(MM)-eeeeeeeee eeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeee eeeeeeee-eeee eeeeee eeee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeee eee eeee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeee ee eeee eeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee ee eeeeee(MM) eeeeeee (8.8 eeeee) eee eeeeee (8.8 eee) ee eee eeeeeeee ee eeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee 88 ee eeee eeeeee.[‌88‌] Meeeeeeeeeeeeee eeee ee eeee ee eee eeeeeee ee eeeeee eee eeee ee eeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeee eee ee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeee(MM) eeeeeeee ee eee eeeee. Mee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee M—M eeee eeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeee (Meeeee 88).

Meeeee 88 Meeeeeeee(MM)-Meeeeeeee Meeeeeeee ee Meeeee Meeeee eeee Meeeeeeeeeeee Meee[‌88‌]

Meeeeeeeeee 88

M8 M8 M8 Meeeee (%) Mee
M M Me 88 [‌88‌]
M M M 88 [‌88‌]
M Me Me 88 [‌88‌]
Me Me Me 88 [‌88‌]

e Meeeeeeeee ee MM eeeee eeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee.

Mee eeeeeeeee ee 8-eeeeeeeeeeeeeee 88 eeeeeee eee eeeeeeeee(MM)-eeeeeeeee eeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee-eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeee eee ee eeeeeeee ee eeeeee eeeeee ee e eeee eeee, eeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee, eee e eeee eeee. Mee eeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee M—M eeeeeeee, eee eee eeee ee eeeeeeee ee eeeeee eee eeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeee eeee, eeeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeee.[‌88‌] Me eeeee eeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeee ee eeee eee eeee eeee, eee eeeeee eeeeeeee e eeeee eeeeeeeee eeeee eeee eeeeeee ee eeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee. Mee eeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeee eeeee eeeeee ee eeee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeee eee eeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee eeeee; eeeeeeee-eeeeeeee eee eeee-eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee ee eeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee. M eeeee eeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee eeeee, eeeee, eee eee eeeeee eeeee eeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeee ee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeee eeeeee (Meeeee 88).

Meeeee 88 Meeeeeeee(MM)-Meeeeeeee Meeeee Meeeeeeee ee Meeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeee Meeeeeeeeee Meeee[‌88‌]

Meeeeeeeeee 88

M8 M8 M8 M8 M8 M8 M8 Meee (eeeee) Meee (eeeee) Meee (°M) Meeee (%) Mee
M M M M M M M M8MM8 (8.8) 8-MeeMM8M (8.8) 888 88 [‌88‌]
M M M M M MMe M M8MM8 (8.8) 8-MeeMM8M (8.8) 888 88 [‌88‌]
M M M M Me M Me M8MM8 (8.8) 8-MeeMM8M (8.8) 888 88 [‌88‌]
M M M M M MMe8 M M8MM8 (8.8) 8-MeeMM8M (8.8) 888 88e [‌88‌]
M M M M M Me M MM (8.8) 8-MeeMM8M (8.8) 888 88 [‌88‌]
M M M M M MMM M MM (8.8) 8-MeeMM8M (8.8) 888 88 [‌88‌]
M M MMe M M M M M8MM8 (8.8) 8-MeeMM8M (8.8) 888 88 [‌88‌]
M M Me M M M M M8MM8 (8.8) 8-MeeMM8M (8.8) 888 88 [‌88‌]
M M MM M M M M 8-MeeMM8M (8.8) e-MeMM8M (8.8) 888 88e [‌88‌]
M M Me M M M M M8MM8 (8.8) e-MeMM8M (8.8) 888 88e [‌88‌]
M Me M M M M M M8MM8 (8.8) e-MeMM8M (8.8) 888 88e [‌88‌]

e Me(MMe)8 (8 eee%) eee eeee.

Meeeeeeeeeee Meeeeeeee

8,8′-Meeeee-8-eeeeeeeeee Meeee 8; Meeeeee Meeeeeeee:[‌88‌]

MMMMMMM: Meeeeee eeee eeeeee ee eeeee ee eeeeeeee eeee-eeeeeeee eeeeee.

M 88-eM eeee-eeeeeeee eeeeee eeeeeeee eeee e eeeeeee eee eee eeeeeee eeee eee eeeeeeeeee eeee (8 eeee), eee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee (8.8 eeee), Me(MMe)8 (88 ee, 8.8 eeee, 88 eee%), eeeee-8,8-eeeeeee (888 ee, 8 eeee), eee M8MMM8 (888 ee, 8 eeee). Mee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeeee ee e-MeMM (8 eM), eee eee eeeeee eee eeee eeeeee eeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeee eeeee M8 (88 eee) eee eeeeee ee 888 °M eee eee eeeeeeeee eeee. Meeee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeee, eee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeee ee e 88-eM eeeee eee eeeeeeeee eeee 8 M MMe (88 eM). Mee eeeeeee eee eeee eeeeeeeee eeee Me8M (8 × 88 eM), eee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeee eee eeeeee eeee M8M eee eeeee eee eeee eeeee (Me8MM8). Meeee eeeeeee ee eee eeeeeee, eee eeeee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeee ee eeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee (eeeeee eee, eeeeeee/MeMMe/MeMM 8:8:8.88) ee eeee eee eeeee eeeeeeee.

8,8′-Meeeee-8-eeeeeeee Meeee 8; Meeeeee Meeeeeeee:[‌88‌]

M 88-eM eeeeee eeee eeeeeeee eeee e eeeeeeee eeeeeee eee eee eeeeeee eeee eee eeeeeeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeee (8.88 eeee), eee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee (8.8 eeee), Me(MMe)8 (8.8 ee, 8.888 eeee), eeeee-8,8-eeeeeee (8.8 ee, 8.888 eeee), M-eeeeee-e-eeeeeeeeee (8; 8.8 ee, 8.88 eeee), MMMM8 (888.8 ee, 8.8 eeee), Me8MM8 (888.8 ee, 8.8 eeee), eee e-MeMM (8.8 eM). Mee eeee eee eeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee ee ee eee eeee eeeeee ee 888 °M. Meeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee eee 8 e, eee eeeeee eee eeeeee ee 8 °M ee ee eee eeee. 8.8 M MMe (8 eM) eee Me8M (88 eM) eeee eeeee. M eeeee eeeeeee ee eee eeeeeee eeeee eee eeeee, eeeeeeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeee, eee eeeeeeee ee 8M MMM eeeeeeeeeeee. Mee eeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeee eee eee eeeeeeee eeeeee. Me eeeeeee eee eeee eeeeeee, eee eeeeeeee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeee eeee eeeee ee MeMM ee eM >88 (ee eeeeeeeeee ee eM eeeee), eee eee eeeeeeeee eeee eee eeeeeeeee eeee MM8Me8 (8 × 88 eM) ee eeeeee eeeee-8,8-eeeeeee eee eee eeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee. Mee eeeeeee eeeee eee eeee-eeeeeeeee eeee 8.8 M MeMM (8 × 88 eM). Mee eeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeee eee eeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeeee MMe ee eM <8, eee eee eeee eee eeeeeeeee eeee MeMMe (8 × 88 eM). Mee eeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeee eee eeeee (Me8MM8), eeeeeeee, eee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeee. Mee eeeeeeeee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeee ee eeeee eeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee (eeeeee eee, eeeeeee/MeMMe 8:8 eeee 8% MeMM) ee eeee eee eeeee eeeeeeee.

Meeeee-Meeeee (Meeeeeeeeee)eeeeeeeeee 88; Meeeeee Meeeeeeee:[‌88‌]

M eeeee-eeeee, eeeee-eeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeeee eeee e eeeeeee eee eeeeeee eeee e eeee ee eee eeeeeee eeee (8.8 eeee) ee MMM (8.8 eM). M-(eeee-Meeeeeeeeeeeee)-e-eeeeee (8; 8.8 ee, 8.88 eeee) eee eeeee, eeeeeeee ee Me(MMe)8 (8.8 ee, 8.88 eeee), M8MM8 (88.8 ee, 8.8 eeee), MMMM (88.8 ee, 8.88 eeee), eee eee (eeeeeeeeeee)eeeeeeeee (8.8 eeee). Mee eeeeeee eee eeeeeee ee 88 °M eee eee eeeeeeeee eeee ee eee (eeee eeeee). Meee eeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee, ee eeeeeeeee ee MMM, eee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeee eeee eee. ee MeMMM8 eee eeeeeeeee eeee MeMMe (8 ×). Mee eeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeee eee eeeeee eeee M8M eee eeeee, eee eeee eeeee (Me8MM8), eeeeeeee, eee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeee. Mee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeee ee eeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee (eeeeee eee, MeMMe/eeeeeeeee eeeee 8:88 eeee 8% Me8M) ee eeee eee eeeee eeeeeeee.

M-(8,8′-Meeeee-8-ee)eeeeeeeeee 8888; Meeeeee Meeeeeeee:[‌88‌]

Mee M-eeeeeeeeeeeee (8.8 eeee) eee eeeee ee e eeeeeee ee Me(MMe)8 (8.8 ee, 8.88 eeee), Me(MMe)8 (88.8 ee, 8.8 eeee), Me8M (88.8 ee, 8.8 eeee), eee eeeeeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeee (8 eM) ee e eee Meeeeee eeee. Mee eeeeeeeeeee eeee (8.8 eeee) eee eeee eeeee. Mee eeeeeee eee eeeeee eee eeeeeee ee 888 °M ee ee eee eeee eee 88 e. Meeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeee eeeeeee ee eeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee (eeeeee eee, eeeeeeeee eeeee/MeMMe) eeee eee eeeee eeeeeeee.

8,8′-Meeeee-8-eeeeeeeeeeee M-Meeee Meeeee 88; Meeeeee Meeeeeeee:[‌88‌]

M Meeeeee eeee eeeeeeee eeee e eeeeeee eee eeeeeee eeee eee eeeeeeeeeeee M-eeeee eeeee (8.8 eeee), Me(MMe)8 (8.88 eeee, 88 eee%), eee eeeeeeeeeee eeee (8.8 eeee, 8.8 eeeee), Me(MMe)8 (8.8 eeee, 8.8 eeeee), eeeee-8,8-eeeeeee (8.8 eeee, 8.8 eeeee), 8,8-eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee (8.8 eeee, 8.8 eeeee), 8-Å eeeeeeeee eeeeee (88 ee), eee 8,8-eeeeeee (8 eM). Mee eeee eee eeeeee eeee e eeeeee eeee eee eeeeee ee 88 °M eee 8–88 e eeeee eee eeeeeeeee eee eeee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee, ee eeeeeeeee ee MMM. Meee eeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee, eee eeeeeee eee eeeeee ee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeee, eee eeee eeeeeeee (8 eM) eee eeeee. Mee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeee e eeeee eeee ee eeeeee eee, eee eee eeeeee eee eee eeeeee eeee eee eeee eeeeeee ee eeeeee eee eeeeeee eeeeeeee. Mee eeeeeeeee eeee eee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeeeee e eeeee eee, eeeee eee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeee (eeeeee eee) ee eeee eee eeeee eeeeeeee.

8,8′-Meeeee-8-ee M-Meeee Meeeeeeee 88; Meeeeee Meeeeeeee:[‌88‌]

M Meeeeee eeee eeeeeeee eeee e eeeeeee eee eeeeeee eeee eee M-eeeee eeee eeeeeeee (8.8 eeee), Me(MMe)8 (8.88 eeee, 88 eee%), eee eeeeeee eeee (8.8 eeee, 8.8 eeeee), Me(MMe)8 (8.8 eeee, 8.8 eeeee), eeeee-8,8-eeeeeee (8.8 eeee, 8.8 eeeee), 8-Å eeeeeeeee eeeeee (88 ee), eee 8,8-eeeeeee (8 eM). Mee eeee eee eeeeee eeee e eeeeee eeee eee eeeeee ee 88 °M eee 88–88 e eeeee eee eeeeeeeee eee eeee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee, ee eeeeeeeee ee MMM. Meee eeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee, eee eeeeeee eee eeeeee ee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeee, eee eeee eeeeeeee (8 eM) eee eeeee. Mee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeee e eeeee eeee ee eeeeee eee, eee eee eeeeee eee eee eeeeee eeee eee eeee eeeeeee ee eeeeee eee eeeeeee eeeeeeee. Mee eeeeeeeee eeee eee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeee e eeeee eee, eeeee eee eeeeeeee ee eeeee eeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee (eeeeee eee, eeeeeeeee eeeee/MeMMe) ee eeee eee eeeee eeeeeeee.

Meeeeeeeeeeeeee 8M-Meeeeee-8-eeee 88; Meeeeee Meeeeeeee:[‌88‌]

M Meeeeee eeee eeeeeeee eeee e eeeeeee eee eeeeeee eeee eee eeeeeeeeeeee M-eeeeee eeeee (8.8 eeee), Me(MMe)8 (8.88 eeee, 88 eee%), eee eeeeeee eeee (8.8 eeee, 8.8 eeeee), Me(MMe)8 (8.8 eeee, 8.8 eeeee), 8-Å eeeeeeeee eeeeee (88 ee), eee 8,8-eeeeeee (8 eM). Mee eeee eee eeeeee eeee e eeeeee eeee eee eeeeee ee 88 °M eee 88–88 e eeeee eee eeeeeeeee eee eeee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee, ee eeeeeeeee ee MMM. MeMM (8.8 eeee, 8.8 eeeee) eee eeee eeeee ee eee eeeeeee, eeeee eee eeeeee ee 88 °M ee eee eee 8–88 e eeeee ee eeee eeeeee ee eee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeee ee MMM. Meee, 8 M MMe (8 eM) eee eeeee ee eee eeee ee eeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeee eeee 8–88 e. Meeee eeeeeee ee ee, eee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeeee eeee MM8Me8 eee eee eeeeeeee eeee eeeee (MeMM8) eee eeeeeeee eeeeeee e eeee ee eeeeee eee. Mee eeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeeeee ee eeee eeeeeee. Mee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeee ee eeeee eeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee (eeeeee eee, eeeeeeeee eeeee/MeMMe 888:8) ee eeee eee eeeee eeeeeeee.

8-(8,8′-Meeeeeee-8-ee)eeeeeeeee 88 (M8 = M8 = M); Meeeeee Meeeeeeee:[‌88‌]

M eeeeeee ee 8-eeeeeeeeeeeeee (88.8 ee, 8.88 eeee), eee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee (8.8 eeeee), Me(MMe)8 (8 eeeee), eeeee-8,8-eeeeeee (8 eeeee), eee Me(MMe)8 (88 eee%) ee 8,8-eeeeeee (88 eM) eee eeeeeee ee 888 °M eee 88 e. Meee eeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee, eee eeeeeee eee eeeeee ee ee, eeeeeeee eeeeeee e eeeeee eeeee eeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeee, eee eeeeee eeee M8M (8 × 8 eM). Mee eeeeeee eeeee eee eeeeeeeee eeee MM8Me8 (8 × 88 eM) eee eee eeeeeeee eeee eeeee (MeMM8), eeeeeeee, eee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeee. Mee eeeeeee eee eeee eeeeeeee ee eeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee (eeeeee eee, eeeeee/MeMMe) ee eeee eee eeeee eeeeeeee.

8-(8,8′-Meeeee-8-eeeeeeeeee)eeeeeeeee 88; Meeeeee Meeeeeeee:[‌88‌]

Mee eeee 8-eeeeeee eeeeeeeee (8.88 eeee), eee eeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeeee (8.8 eeee, 8 eeeee), Me(MMe)8 (8.8 ee, 8.888 eeee, 88 eee%), eeeee-8,8-eeeeeee (88.8 ee, 8.888 eeee, 8.8 eeeee), eee MeMMe (888.8 ee, 8.88 eeee, 8 eeeee) eeee eeeeeeeee ee 8-eeeeeeeeeee-8-ee (8.8 eM) ee e eeeee-eeeeee eeee ee eee. Mee eeeeeee eee eeeeeee ee 888 °M eee 88 e. Meee eeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee, eee eeeeeee eee eeeeee ee ee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeee e eee ee Meeeee, eee eee eeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeee. Mee eeeeeee eee eeee eeeeeeee ee eeeee eeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee (eeeeee eee, eeeeee/MeMMe) ee eeee eee eeeee eeeeeeee.

8-(8,8′-Meeeee-8-ee)-8,8-eeeeeeeeeeeee 88; Meeeeee Meeeeeeee:[‌88‌]

M eeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeee eeee e eeeeeee eee eee e eeeeee eee eeeeeee eeee eee eeeeeeee (8.88 eeee), eee eeeeeeeeeee eeee (8.8–8 eeeee), eeeee-8,8-eeeeeee (8–8 eeeee), eee [Me(MMMe)8](MM8)8 (88 ee, 8.888 eeee) ee eeeeeeee ee eee, eee eeee MeMMe eee eeeee ee eeeeeee. Mee eeeeeeeee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeee ee ee eee 88 e. Meee eeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee, eee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeee eeee ee MeMM (ee eeeeee eeeeeee-8,8-eeee) eee eeeeeeeee eeee MeMMe. Mee eeeeeeee eeee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeee e eeee ee eeeeee eee, eeeee (MeMM8), eee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeee. Mee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeee ee eeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee (Meeeee Meeee M88, eeeeee/MeMMe) ee eeee eee eeeee eeeeeeee.

8,8,8-Meeeeeeee-8,8′-eeeeeeee (88, M8 = M8 = M; M8 = Me); Meeeeee Meeeeeeee:[‌88‌]

M Meeeeee eeee eeeeeeee eeee e eeeeeee eee eeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeeee (888.8 ee, 8.8 eeee, 8.8 eeeee), eeeeeeeeeeeee eeee (88 ee, 8.8 eeee, 8.8 eeeee), Me(MMe)8 (88.8 ee, 8.8 eeee, 8.8 eeeee), eee Me(MMe)8 (8.8 ee, 8.888 eeee, 8.88 eeeee); MMM (8.8 eM) eee eeee eeeee ee eeeeeee. Mee eeee eee eeeeeeee (8 ×) eee eeeeeeee eeee M8 (8 eee), eee eee eeeeeee eee eeeeeee ee ee eee 88 e. MMM eee eeeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeee. Mee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeeee ee MM8Me8 eee eeeeee eeee ee MeMMM8 (8 × 88 eM). Mee eeeeeee eeeee eee eeeee (MeMM8), eee eee eeeee eeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeee ee MM ee eeeee eeeeeeee ee ee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee.

8-Meeeee-8,8′-eeeeeeeee 88; Meeeeee Meeeeeeee:[‌88‌]

M Meeeeee eeee eeeeeeee eeee e eeeeeee eee eee eeeeeee eeee Me8MM8 (8 eeeee), eee eeee (8.8 eeeee), eee eeeeeeeeeee eeee (8.8 eeeee), Me(MMe)8 (8–8 eee%), eee eee eeee (8.8–8.8 eeeee) ee e eeeeeeee. Mee eeee eee eeeeee eeee e eeeeee eeeeee eee eee eeeeeee eeee eee eeeeeeee. MMM (8 eM) eee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee (8.8 eeeee) eeee eeee eeeee ee eeee ee eee Meeeeee eeee eeeeeee eee eeeeee eeeeee eeeee e eeeeeee. Mee eeeeee eee eeee eeeeeeee eeee e Meeeee eeeee-eee eeeee e eeee ee M8. Mee eeeeeee eee eeeeeee ee 888–888 °M eee 88 e. Meee eeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee, eee eeeeeee eee eeeeeee eeee Me8M (88 eM) eee eeeeeeee eeeeeee e eee ee eeeeee eee. Mee eeeeeeee eee eeeeee eeee M8M (8 × 88 eM). Mee eeeeeee eeeee eee eeeee (Me8MM8), eeeeeeee, eee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeee. Mee eeeeeee eee eeee eeeeeeee ee eeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee (eeeeee eee) ee eeee eee eeeee eeeeeeee.

References


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