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Breit, B., Science of Synthesis, (2007) 25, 293.
Combining alkene isomerization with regioselective hydroformylation of one alkene species preferentially (in general the most reactive, the linear alkene) is referred to as isomerizing hydroformylation and is a hydroformylation variant to provide linear aldehydes from internal alkenes.[77] Again, especially designed bidentate ligands are essential to achieve useful levels of selectivity. For instance, the rhodium–diphosphite catalyst 47 (R1 = H) system (Scheme 16) converts “raffinate 2” (C4 feedstock from the steam cracker consisting of a mixture of C4 alkenes) into pentanol in 94% yield with only 5% 2-methylbutanal and 1% 3-methylbutanal (from isobutene) formed as isomeric products.[19] The related rhodium–diphosphite catalyst 47 [R1 = (CH2)8Me] allows for an isomerizing hydroformylation of methyl pent-3-enoate (48) to give the linear aldehyde 49 in 91% yield and 85% selectivity.[78]
Meeeee 88 Meeeeeeeeee Meeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee e β,γ-Meeeeeeeeee Meeee[88,88]
M eeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeee eeeeee 88, eeeee ee eeeee ee eee Meeeeeee (88, M8 = M) eeeeeeee, eeeeee eee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee eeee-eeeee eeeeeee ee eeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeee eeeeeeeee.[88] Meee, eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee (M)-eee-8-eee eee (M)-eee-8-eee eeeee ee eeee eeeee eeeeeee ee eeee ee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee (Meeeee 88).[88]
Meeeee 88 Meeeeeeeeee Meeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee (M)-Meeeeee eeee ee Meeeeeee M=M MeeeMe Meeeeee Meeeeee[88]
References
[19] | Meeeeeee, M. M.; Meeeeeeeeeee, M. M., Me Meeeeee Meeeeeeeeee Meeeeeeee eeee Meeeeeeeeeeeee Meeeeeeee, Meeeeee, M.; Meeeeeee, M. M., Mee.; MMM: Meeeeeee, Meeeeee, (8888); e 88. |
[71] | Meeeeeeeee, M.; eee eee Meeee, M. M. M.; Meeee, M. M. M.; eee Meeeeee, M. M. M. M.; Meeeeee, M.; Meeeeee, M., Meeeeeeeeeeeeee, (8888) 88, 8888. |
[77] | Meeeee, M.; Meeee, M.-M.; Möeeeee, M.; Möeeee, M., Meeee. Meee., (8888) 888, 8888; Meeee. Meee. Mee. Me., (8888) 88, 8888. |
[78] | Meeeee, M.; Meee, M. M.; Meeeeee, M., MM 8 888 888, (8888); Meee. Meeee., (8888) 888, 888888. |
[79] | eee eee Meee, M. M.; Meeee, M. M. M.; eee Meeeeee, M. M. M. M., Meeee. Meee., (8888) 888, 888; Meeee. Meee. Mee. Me., (8888) 88, 888. |
Meeeeee Meeeeeeeeee
- 8.Meeeee-Meee, (8888) M 8, 888.
- 8.Meeeee-Meee, (8888) M 8, 888.
- 8.Meeeee-Meee, (8888) M 8, 888.