Science of Synthesis

Griesbeck, A. G.; Soldevilla, A., Science of Synthesis, (2008) 43, 362.

The Sonogashira reaction can be performed with the assistance of microwave heating. This methodology leads to a dramatic reduction of reaction times. The process can be carried out in homogeneous phase,[‌70‌] under solvent-free (alumina supported),[‌71‌] or solid-phase conditions.[‌72‌] The combination of microwave heating and solid-phase techniques is especially attractive, since heated solid-phase reactions generally require long reaction times, and therefore higher loadings of catalysts.

M eeeeeeeeee[‌88‌] ee eee eeeee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeee eeee, eeeee eee eeeeeee ee eeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeee eee eee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee ee eeeee eeeee (eeeeeeeee, 8% eeeeeeeee, 88% eeeeee, 88 eeeeeee) eee eeeeeeee eeeeee eeee eeeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee (8% eeeeeeeee, 8% eeeeee, 8 eeeeeee), eeee eee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeee eeee eeeee eee eeeeeee-eeee eeeeeeeee (88% eeeeeeeee, 88% eeeeee, eee 88% eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee, 8.8 eeeeeee). ‌Meeeee 88‌ eeeee ee ee eeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee ee ee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee (8-eeeeeeeeeeeee ee e Meee eeeee, ‌88‌) eeee eeeeeeee eeeeee ‌88‌ ee eeee eeeeeeeee ‌88‌.[‌88‌] Meeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeee-eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeeee eee eee eeeeeeeeeee eee eeeee-eeeee eeeeeeeee, eeeee eee eeeeeee-eeeeeeeee eeeeeee eee ee eeeeeee eee eeeee e eeee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eeee. Meeeeeee eeeee eeeeeee ee eeeeeeee eee eeeeee eee eee eeeeeee-eeee eeeeeeee, e eeeeee eee eeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeee eee eeee eeeeeeeee. Mee eeeeeee-eeeeeeeee eeeeeee-eeee eeeeeeee eee eeee ee eeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee, eeeeeee, eeeee eee eeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee eee eeee eeeeeeeeee ee eeee-eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eee eeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee, eeeeeeee eeee eeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eeeee eeeeeeeee eee eeee eee eeeeeeeee (e.e., eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee) eee eeeeeee ee eeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeee.

Mee Meeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eee eeee eeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee e eeeeeee eeee eeeeee,[‌88‌] eeeee ee eeeee ee eeeeeeee eeeee eeeeee, eeeee, eee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee, eee e Meeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee.

‌Meeeee 88‌ Meeee-Meeee Meeeeeeee Meeee Meeeeeeeeee Meeeeeeeee eee Meeeeeeee Meeeeeeeeee[‌88‌]

Meeeeeeeeeee Meeeeeeee

8-[(8-Meeeeeeeeee)eeeeeee]eeeeeeeee (‌88‌); Meeeeee Meeeeeeee:[‌88‌]

Meeeeeee: 8-Meeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee ee e Meee eeeee[‌88‌] (‌88‌; 888 ee, 8.88 eeee·e−8, 8.88 eeee), [MeMe8(MMe8)8] (8.8 ee, 8.888 eeee), MeM (8.8 ee, 8.888 eeee), M-(eeee-eeeeeeeeeeeeee)-8-eeeeeeeeeeeeee (‌88‌; 8.88 eeee), Me8MM (8.8 eM, 88.88 eeee), eee MMM (8.8 eM) eeee eeeeeee ee e eeeeeeee, eeeee-eeeeee Meeee Meeeeee eeee ee 888°M eee 88 eee ee eee eeeeeeeee eeeeee. Mee eeeeeee eee eeeeee eeee MMM, MeMM, eee MM8Me8.

Meeeeeee eeee eeeee: 88% MMM (8 eM) eee eeeee ee eee eeeee, eee eee eeeeeee eee eeeeeee ee e eeeeeeee, eeeee-eeeeee Meeee Meeeeee eeee ee 88°M eee 88 eee ee eee eeeeeeeee eeeeee. Mee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeee, eee eee eeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeee. Mee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeeee eeee ee MeMM (eM = 88) eee eee eeeeeee eeeee eee eeeeeeeeeee eeee MM8Me8 (8 ×). Mee eeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeee eeee eeeee (MeMM8) eee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeee. (Me eeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee ee ‌88‌ eee eeeeeee eee eeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee ee eeeeee ee eeeeee eee.)

References