Science of Synthesis

Mejuch, T.; Marek, I., Science of Synthesis: Cross Coupling and Heck-Type Reactions, (2013) 1, 765.

General Introduction

Carbon—carbon bond-forming reactions are arguably one of the most important synthetic transformations in chemistry as they represent essential steps in the building of more complex molecules from simple precursors. For many years, organic chemists have been developing a plethora of reactions for carbon—carbon bond formation between molecules with saturated sp3 carbon atoms. However, until the discovery and development of metal-mediated cross-coupling reactions, beginning in the 1970s, there were no simple, general, and direct methods available for carbon—carbon bond formation between unsaturated species such as vinyl, aryl, and alkynyl moieties. In the subsequent decades this paradigm for carbon—carbon bond construction has allowed chemists to assemble complex molecular frameworks encompassing total synthesis of natural products, medicinal chemistry, and industrial process development, as well as chemical biology, materials, and nanotechnology. The emergence of cross coupling as a popular method in synthesis arises from both the diversity of organometallic reagents utilized in these reactions and the broad range of functional groups that can be incorporated into these reagents.

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References